Af ZyCrypto - 2 år siden - Læsetid: 2 minutter
NBER Study Reveals Bitcoin Is Over Concentrated And Vulnerable To A 51% Attack
Det viser en ny undersøgelse Bitcoin is concentrated in the hands of a few whales.The research goes on to reveal that Bitcoin miners are heavily concentrated and leave the network susceptible to a 51% attack. The largest BTC whales include MicroStrategy, Satoshi Nakamoto, Micree Zhan, and the Winklevoss twins.Et af salgsargumenterne for Bitcoin is the extent of its decentralization over traditional financial systems. A recent study by the National Bureau of Economic Research reveals that the network might not be as decentralized as we think.
Et par hænder, en masse BTC
An in-depth study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, (NBER) has revealed that the bulk of Bitcoins is owned by a few individuals. The research team utilized a methodology that involved splitting addresses between intermediaries and individuals, which generated interesting results despite the difficulty of the undertaking.
Undersøgelsen afslørede, at 10,000 tegnebøger har kontrol over over 6,000,000 BTC, hvilket er en tredjedel af al kryptovaluta i omløb. Uddybende opdagede NBER, at de førende 1,000 investorer var i besiddelse af omkring 3,000,000 BTC, og metrikken blev meget koncentreret længere oppe på stigen.
"Denne måling af koncentration er højst sandsynligt en underdrivelse, da vi ikke kan udelukke, at nogle af de største adresser er kontrolleret af den samme enhed," sagde forskerne. “Our results suggest that despite the significant attention that Bitcoin has received over the years, the Bitcoin ecosystem is still dominated by large and concentrated players, be it large miners, Bitcoin holders or exchanges.”
Tendensen til koncentration kunne også opdages blandt cryptocurrency minearbejdere, hvor de førende 10% af minearbejdere tegnede sig for 90% af aktivgenereringen, mens kun en brøkdel var ansvarlig for 50%. På trods af netværkets tilsyneladende decentraliserede karakter, fortsætter NBERs undersøgelse med at tegne et andet billede.
Ulempen ved den store koncentration af minearbejdere ifølge undersøgelsen er modtageligheden af et 51% angreb på netværket. Denne form for angreb opstår, når en angriber opnår flertalskontrol over blockchains hashing-kraft.
Største Bitcoin Whales And Miners
Although it’s hard to tell who the largest holders of Bitcoin are, some entities stand out from the pack as the biggest whales. For organizations, MicroStrategy is the largest entity with an estimeret 111,042 BTC, der har en værdi på over $6 milliarder og viser ingen tegn på opbremsning på opkøb.
Bitcoin’s founder, Satoshi Nakamoto is said to have over 1 million BTC in his possession which would make him the largest whale. Other noteworthy individuals include the Winklevoss brothers, Barry Silbert, Tim Draper, Michael Novogratz, and Micree Zhan, the owner of Bitmain.
Prior to China’s cryptocurrency crackdown, the country accounted for over 50% of Bitcoin’s hash rate but with the tide turning, America now has the highest concentration of Bitcoin minearbejdere. Kasakhstan og Rusland kommer på anden- og tredjepladsen.
Oprindelig kilde: ZyCrypto