Bitcoin نفع خود را در بازارهای دارک نت از دست می دهد

By Bitcoin مجله - 1 سال پیش - زمان مطالعه: 7 دقیقه
جمعه ، 17 ژوئن ، 2022 2:30 بعد از ظهر

Bitcoin نفع خود را در بازارهای دارک نت از دست می دهد

A deep dive into how Bitcoin’s lack of privacy and, by extension, its insufficient fungibility has led to its loss of market share in darknet markets.

If you wanted to buy contraband online in the last five years or so, you may have noticed that the option to pay in bitcoin — once the most popular form of payment on darknet markets — is slowly disappearing.

You may ask why it matters to you or the average Bitcoin enthusiast. (You're presumably an excellent, law abiding citizen — good for you, but that is irrelevant.) Allow me to explain.

جاده ابریشم

The first major milestone of bitcoin was to be accepted as a form of money. This happened with small obscure merchants at the early stages, but as the word spread, bitcoin found itself as the “official” currency of the darknet, and allowed the creation of a market called “Silk Road.”

Silk Road was a revolutionary online marketplace. Merchants from all around the world could transact from the comfort of their own home, whenever they wanted, and could sell (and customers could buy) whatever they wanted, all with a new form of uncensorable, decentralized and easy-to-use form of money: bitcoin.

Bitcoin's adoption depended on markets like Silk Road to pioneer, and what was special about Silk Road is that it was an almost completely free (as in freedom) market. Free markets are excellent for adoption because they don't require bureaucracy, permits, regulations or any other form of permission to run. The less permission required, the better a market can function. Therefore, there is more adoption, more merchants and more bitcoin استفاده کنید.

Without markets like Silk Road, bitcoin’s adoption is at risk, and the network is not as efficient as it could be.

The importance of Silk Road in Bitcoin's history is, without a doubt, massive since it pioneered bitcoin’s use as a medium of exchange, and still remains the biggest bitcoin goods and services marketplace in history.

Now that you have a decent idea on why such markets are so important, I'll do my best to explain why bitcoin is not used there anymore.

مفهوم تعویض پذیری و چرایی اهمیت آن

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, fungible means “being something (such as money or a commodity) of such a nature that one part or quantity may be replaced by another equal part or quantity in paying a debt or settling an account.” This is untrue of bitcoin.

هر سکه تاریخچه مخصوص به خود را دارد و ممکن است زمانی که کاربر سعی می کند از سکه های خود استفاده کند، این تاریخچه به حساب می آید. این سابقه همچنین می‌تواند باعث شود کاربر هنگام استفاده/نگه‌داری سکه‌هایی که به شیوه‌ای مجرمانه استفاده شده‌اند، برای مثال تجارت مواد مخدر یا هک مبادله، دچار مشکل شود.

در بازارهای تاریک نت، حریم خصوصی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. فروشندگان و خریداران می خواهند از حریم خصوصی خود محافظت کنند تا ایمنی خود را هنگام معامله تضمین کنند. مجریان قانون نسبت به این نوع بازارها خیلی مهربان نیستند و دائماً وب سایت ها و بازرگانان را برای درز حریم خصوصی زیر نظر دارند.

به طور پیش فرض، bitcoin has weak privacy, and therefore is not fungible. Data and metadata from the Bitcoin timechain can be linked together with off-chain data to form solid evidence against a defendant in court. There have been cases that relied on bitcoin's lack of privacy as conclusive evidence of what the government sees as “wrong-doing.” Naturally, darknet markets were looking for solutions.

باید Bitcoin developers add privacy via hard fork or would a soft fork be sufficient? Should privacy be on the application level rather than on the protocol level?

حقیقت این است که اکثر مردم، به ویژه مدیران و بازرگانان بازارهای تاریک نت، اهمیتی نمی دهند. آنها فقط حریم خصوصی می خواهند. That’s one of the reasons bitcoin is losing darknet market share to other cryptocurrencies that have figured this out already.

رقابت

برخلاف سایر بخش‌ها، رقابت زیادی در بازارهای تاریک نت وجود دارد، به خصوص در مورد روش‌های تراکنش. بازارها بالا و پایین می‌روند و روش‌های پرداختی که در آنها استفاده می‌شود نیز افزایش می‌یابد.

قبل از سال 2015 ، bitcoin used to hold most of the market share in darknet markets, followed only by fiat currency.

After the fall of many markets and their vendors because of bitcoin’s privacy flaws and bad operational security, the use of bitcoin was starting to drop. Other cryptocurrencies, like monero, started to emerge on darknet markets because they better fit the use case. They had something that bitcoin does not, privacy by default.

در گذشته، bitcoin’s focus on being a store of value overlapped with the development of the required privacy for darknet market use.

در حال تقویت Bitcoin’s Privacy

Still, there are many attempts at enhancing bitcoin’s privacy, and I’ll do my best to list the most prominent of them:

غلت زننده

Custodial tumblers were an early solution to bitcoin's lack of privacy. There will usually be a centralized server that gathers bitcoin from customers and dispenses them randomly to unlink the customer from the bitcoin they sent.

Those have multiple flaws and massive third-party risks, and they are also often honeypots set up by law enforcement to catch dirty bitcoin and surveil on users.

There’s also tumbling with services that are not aware of it: This is a long process where the user will mix their bitcoin with other users' bitcoin by sending funds to exchanges, online casinos and other sites that hold a large amount of bitcoin. This has the same flaws as custodial mixers.

coinjo

A CoinJoin is a collaborative transaction that combines users' coins in order to create a large anonymity set for them. This increases the privacy of all participants.

This is by far the most effective method for privacy on Bitcoin and has been used heavily on darknet markets as well as outside of them.

This one is a very important tool in the tech stack of a Bitcoiner, and I encourage you to learn about it and use it.

همچنین CoinJoin های «جعلی» وجود دارند که از اکتشافات اهرمی استفاده می کنند تا تجزیه و تحلیل زنجیره ای را اشتباه بگیرند و باور کنند تراکنش انجام شده توسط یک شخص در واقع یک CoinJoin استادانه است. 

آدرس های مخفیانه

Bitcoin stealth addresses, prominently BIP47, introduced a way to have a stealth, reusable address that only discloses the real address of the user when a notification transaction was made.

این امر جدیدی ایجاد می کند Bitcoin address for each user you connect with to ensure privacy. This was never widely used in darknet markets, but it’s decent tech nonetheless and a personal favorite of mine. 

شبکه رعد و برق

شبکه رعد و برق یک است Bitcoin Layer 2 with a focus on providing fast, cheap and arguably private payments with instant settlement. Currently, the privacy on Lightning is great for senders, partially solving Bitcoin’s fungibility issue on-chain.

Unfortunately, Lightning has privacy flaws when it comes to receiving money. For instance, the receiver needs to provide his “channel point” when creating an invoice. A channel point is the UTXO on the blockchain that is used to back the channel with on-chain bitcoin; that means that the sender can view the receiver’s on-chain transaction history.

بازرگانان، به ویژه در محیط هایی مانند بازارهای تاریک نت به دنبال سادگی هستند، چیزی که لایتنینگ در حال حاضر ارائه نمی دهد.

مسلماً دلایل بالا این است که چرا لایتنینگ در حال حاضر در هیچ بازار تاریک نت ادغام نشده است. همچنین نگرانی در مورد عوارض ناشی از اجرای گره لایتنینگ به عنوان یک تاجر وجود دارد.

با این حال، جایی برای خوش‌بینی وجود دارد، زیرا در حال حاضر تیم‌هایی هستند که در حال کار بر روی افزایش حریم خصوصی گیرنده و فرستنده و همچنین مشکلات تجربه کاربر ذکر شده در بالا هستند. این به طور بالقوه می تواند آن را برای بازارهای تاریک نت در آینده بسیار جذاب تر کند.

برای رفع این مشکل چه کاری می توانیم انجام دهیم؟

I can not stress enough how important it is that we have decent privacy on Bitcoin that everyone can take advantage of. The solution is within Bitcoin’s culture and community. There are app-level privacy upgrades that can be standardized to improve overall privacy on the network.

CoinJoin از همه نوع، راه‌حل‌های آدرس مخفی مانند پرداخت‌های بی‌صدا و BIP47، و تشویق کاربران به اجرای گره خود و استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای غیرقانونی و منبع باز تا جایی که می‌توانند.

When transacting, make sure it’s peer-to-peer and not through an exchange or other intermediary. Never use a custodial wallet — you can not ensure your privacy if you count on a third party to take care of it for you. Also, when acquiring bitcoin make sure to use a non-KYC (know-your-customer) exchange. Otherwise, your data and privacy could be at risk.

My advice is to do your own research and make sure to take every precaution when using bitcoin to ensure your own privacy.

The more people that use bitcoin privately, the better privacy everyone gets, and the more likely it is that bitcoin will emerge again as the prominent currency of the darknet markets, and consequently of other markets too.

این یک پست مهمان توسط Wildsnow است. نظرات بیان شده کاملاً متعلق به خود آنها است و لزوماً نظرات BTC Inc. یا را منعکس نمی کند Bitcoin مجله.

منبع اصلی: Bitcoin مجله