By Bitcoin مجله - 10 ماه پیش - زمان مطالعه: 6 دقیقه
معرفی Ark: An Alternative Bitcoin راه حل مقیاس بندی با تمرکز بر حفظ حریم خصوصی
این یک سرمقاله نظری توسط Kudzai Kutukwa، یکی از مدافعان شمول مالی و همکار ماندلا واشنگتن است.
“When use of strong cryptography becomes popular, it's harder for the government to criminalize it. Therefore, using PGP is good for preserving democracy. If privacy is outlawed, only outlaws will have privacy… PGP empowers people to take their privacy into their own hands. There has been a growing social need for it. That's why I wrote it.”
-Phil Zimmerman, “Why I Wrote PGP"
La مورد of Roman Sterlingov, who stands accused of running the custodial Bitcoin mixer, "Bitcoin Fog," is indicative of the many situations in which individuals are targeted by law enforcement for safeguarding their financial privacy.
As outlined in “چی Bitcoin کرد,” the U.S. Department of Justice relied on Chainalysis' Reactor software to trace the purchase of the Bitcoin Fog domain back to an address linked to Sterlingov’s Mt. Gox account, establishing him as its operator. Reactor was designed to tie cryptocurrency addresses with real-world identities. Despite the various irregularities present in this پرونده در حال انجام است، می توان این نتیجه را گرفت که پیام روشنی را ارسال می کند که "شما نباید حریم خصوصی مالی داشته باشید."
معرفی آرک
Given this growing hostility toward financial privacy for Bitcoin transactions, there is a pressing need for the development of superior tools. At the recently concluded Bitcoin 2023 conference, a potentially game-changing tool, called the Ark Protocolمعرفی شد
Announced during one of the keynote sessions on the open-source stage by developer بوراک، Ark is a Layer 2 scaling solution that enables cheap, anonymous and off-chain Bitcoin transactions. The protocol also has a minimal on-chain footprint, which further protects user privacy while keeping transaction costs low. In what can be described as an “accidental invention” that occurred when Burak was trying to develop a Lightning wallet, Ark is a distinct protocol that could potentially scale non-custodial bitcoin استفاده کنید.
Burak named the protocol "Ark" in reference to کشتی نوح, which acts as a lifeboat that provides refuge from predatory blockchain surveillance firms and custodians.
منبعDuring his presentation, Burak highlighted one of the most concerning trends with the Lightning Network today, which is that there are currently more custodial users of Lightning than there are non-custodial ones. This is mainly due to the محدودیت های نقدینگی on Lightning that require non-custodial users to first receive liquidity from someone else’s node before they can receive funds. Custodial wallets like Wallet Of Satoshi abstract this problem away from the user but at the expense of the user not being 100% in control of their funds, as well as their financial privacy.
پروتکل جایگزین لایه 2
من با Burak مصاحبه کردم تا درک عمیق تری از Ark و الهام بخش توسعه آن به دست بیاورم. وقتی از او سوال کردم که چه چیزی باعث شد پروتکل جایگزین لایه 2 توسعه دهد، او گفت:
«من همیشه منتقد لایتنینگ بوده‌ام، عمدتاً به دلیل مشکلات نقدینگی ورودی، دریافت غیر همگام و همچنین ردپای آن در زنجیره. نقدینگی ورودی همیشه برای من مانند یک باگ احساس می‌شد، که باعث می‌شد کاربر هر چیزی جز لذت بخش را تجربه کند. علاوه بر آن، بیش از یک قرن طول می‌کشد تا کل جمعیت جهان به صورت غیرقانونی روی شبکه لایتنینگ وارد شود، با این فرض که هر فرد دارای چهار کانال است که هر کدام چند صد وی بایت مصرف می‌کنند.
همانطور که او تصمیم گرفت به این مسائل و مسائل دیگر رسیدگی کند، ایده کیف پول لایتنینگ او در نهایت به Ark تبدیل شد.
“Ark can be best defined as trustless e-cash or a liquidity network similar to the Lightning Network but with a UTXO set that lives entirely off-chain and it’s neither a statechain nor a rollup,” Burak said. “These UTXOs are called ‘virtual UTXOs’ or ‘vTXOs,’ which have a ‘lifespan’ of four weeks. The core of Ark's anonymous off-chain payments is driven by the vTXOs.”
Throughout the conversation, Burak continued to emphasize his obsession with a frictionless experience for the end user, his view being that sending sats should be as easy as pushing a button. This is one of the reasons why Ark users do not need to have channels or liquidity, as this is delegated to a network of untrusted intermediaries known as Ark service providers (ASPs). These are always-on servers that provide liquidity to the network, similarly to how Lightning service providers operate, but with an added benefit: ASPs are unable to link senders with receivers, which adds another layer of privacy for users.
This is made possible by the fact that every payment on Ark takes place within a coinjo round which obfuscates the connection between sender and receiver. The best part about this is that the CoinJoin happens entirely off-chain while settling payments every five seconds, which not only drastically reduces on-chain footprints but also fortifies the users’ privacy. The anonymity set is every party involved in a transaction and, theoretically, this creates a greater degree of privacy than what’s possible on the Lightning Network. Furthermore, Ark mimics on-chain user experiences in that users have a dedicated address for sending and receiving payments, but the difference is that it’s a reusable address that doesn’t compromise the user’s privacy, made possible in a way that’s similar to how پرداخت های خاموش کار می کنند.
تجارت آزاد
با این حال، مانند هر سیستم دیگری، Ark دارای مبادلات خاص خود است. اگرچه ممکن است به سرعت لایتنینگ تسویه حساب های فوری را ارائه نکند، اما بدون نیاز به منتظر ماندن برای تایید در آنچه بوراک به عنوان «در دسترس بودن فوری با نهایی شدن تأخیر» توصیف می کند، دسترسی فوری به منابع مالی را فراهم می کند.
For vendors, Lightning is still the better option when it comes to receiving payments. Additionally, liquidity providers are required, but based on the assumption that individuals will be motivated to offer liquidity to earn yield in bitcoin, Burak also thinks this challenge can be easily overcome in the long term. This novel proposition addresses certain shortcomings in Lightning, yet also comes with its own set of challenges.
راه پیش رو
به طور خلاصه، پروتکل Ark یک راه حل منحصر به فرد، لایه دوم مقیاس بندی با قابلیت خروج یک طرفه است که معاملات یکپارچه را بدون تحمیل محدودیت نقدینگی یا تعامل و یا نیاز به ارتباط مستقیم بین فرستنده و گیرنده امکان پذیر می کند. بنابراین، دریافت‌کنندگان می‌توانند به راحتی بدون هیچ زحمتی از راه‌اندازی نصب، حفظ حضور مستمر سرور یا به خطر انداختن ناشناس بودن آنها برای اشخاص ثالث، پرداخت‌ها را دریافت کنند. آرک که به‌گونه‌ای طراحی شده است که یک راه‌حل مقیاس‌پذیر و غیرقانونی باشد، به کاربران اجازه می‌دهد تا کنترل کامل بر وجوه خود داشته باشند و به همه این امکان را می‌دهد که پول خود را خودشان نگه دارند.
Ark is interoperable with Lightning, but also serves as a complement to it. However, due to the complicated process of self-custodial Lightning and varying levels of privacy for senders and receivers, along with the imminent danger posed by blockchain surveillance firms, scaling solutions that prioritize privacy, like Ark, have become essential. The various attempts to attack Bitcoin through malicious prosecution, like in the case of Sterlingov, and predatory legislation such as the EU's میکا, demonstrate the need for scalable, efficient, privacy-preserving tools in order to prevent future issues.
It’s against this background that I think Ark is an interesting concept worth keeping an eye on as development of the protocol unfolds. Of course, without code to review at the moment or a battle-tested, working prototype, it’s still a long road ahead. Despite the unforeseen challenges ahead, Burak is optimistic about Ark’s potential and is convinced that it’s a breakthrough that strikes the balance between private Bitcoin transactions and scalability, in a user-friendly manner. A sentiment that I also share, given the vital need for non-custodial, privacy-preserving tools.
این یک پست مهمان توسط Kudzai Kutukwa است. نظرات بیان شده کاملاً متعلق به خود آنها است و لزوماً نظرات BTC Inc یا را منعکس نمی کند Bitcoin مجله.
منبع اصلی: Bitcoin مجله