By Bitcoin पत्रिका - 1 साल पहले - पढ़ने का समय: 7 मिनट
अल साल्वाडोर Bitcoin ब्रेटन वुड्स सम्मेलन
A recent financial inclusion conference in El Salvador gave the country an opportunity to share their bitcoin journey with other global financial policymakers.
कुदज़ई कुतुकवा इस एक भावुक वित्तीय समावेशन अधिवक्ता और द्वारा मान्यता प्राप्त थी फास्ट कंपनी पत्रिका दक्षिण अफ्रीका के 20 से कम उम्र के शीर्ष 30 युवा उद्यमियों में से एक है।
जुलाई 1944 में, ब्रेटन वुड्स, न्यू हैम्पशायर में, 730 देशों के 44 से अधिक प्रतिनिधि माउंट वाशिंगटन होटल में एकत्रित हुए, जिसे ब्रेटन वुड्स सम्मेलन के रूप में जाना जाने लगा। मुख्य एजेंडा एक नया अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मौद्रिक आदेश बनाना था जिसे द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के अंत में लागू किया जाएगा, खासकर जब से प्रथम विश्व युद्ध के बाद क्लासिक स्वर्ण मानक को छोड़ दिया गया था। यह नई अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रणाली युद्ध के बाद के पुनर्निर्माण को वित्तपोषित करेगी और खामियों में सुधार करेगी। महामंदी से सीखे गए पाठों के आधार पर स्वर्ण मानक का। के अनुसार फेडरल रिजर्व इतिहास:
"It was an unprecedented cooperative effort for nations that had been setting up barriers between their economies for more than a decade.
“They sought to create a system that would not only avoid the rigidity of previous international monetary systems, but would also address the lack of cooperation among the countries on those systems. In the interwar period, governments not only undertook competitive devaluations but also set up restrictive trade policies that worsened the Great Depression."
संक्षेप में, इस सम्मेलन ने एक नई मौद्रिक प्रणाली के माध्यम से राष्ट्रों के बीच आर्थिक सहयोग को प्रोत्साहित करने की मांग की जो कि महामंदी युग की प्रतिकूल आर्थिक नीतियों को भी हतोत्साहित करेगी। उस समय के दौरान, एक वित्तीय प्रणाली बनाई गई थी जहां अन्य सभी वैश्विक मुद्राओं को अमेरिकी डॉलर का समर्थन किया जाना था, डॉलर के साथ ही सोने का समर्थन किया गया था। सोने की कीमत 35 डॉलर प्रति औंस तय की गई थी और केंद्रीय बैंक भी सोने के लिए डॉलर को भुनाने में सक्षम थे। इसे ब्रेटन वुड्स प्रणाली के रूप में जाना जाने लगा। यह प्रणाली 15 अगस्त 1971 तक चली, जब राष्ट्रपति रिचर्ड निक्सन ने डॉलर की सोने में परिवर्तनीयता को समाप्त कर दिया क्योंकि अमेरिका अब ऐसा करने की अपनी प्रतिबद्धता का सम्मान नहीं कर सकता था। वास्तव में, यह अमेरिकी सरकार द्वारा एक संप्रभु चूक था।
Fast forward a couple decades later, central bankers and financial regulators from 44 emerging market countries gathered in El Salvador for the Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI) summit. Contrary to popular opinion on social media, this was not a Bitcoin event but it generally focused on financial inclusion, in line with AFI's vision of “Making financial services more accessible to the world’s unbanked.” It's interesting to note, however, that financial exclusion is a natural consequence of the current monetary system due in part to the inherent cost structures that financial institutions have to bear to profitably "bank" customers, as well as the costs imposed by a credit-based payment system which doesn't have instant final settlement of payments. These are disadvantages that the Bitcoin network does not have, even from a financial inclusion perspective. For example केवल 2017 तक 29% of Salvadorans had a bank account, but the Chivo Bitcoin wallet now 2.6 मिलियन उपयोगकर्ताओं का दावा (approximately 40% of the population) since bitcoin became legal tender last year. Bitcoin is definitely the most financially inclusive network in the world.
एक के अनुसार कलरव by the president of El Salvador, Nayib Bukele, multiple issues were discussed during the conference that included banking the unbanked, the digital economy and the benefits of El Salvador's bitcoin adoption. It's also worth noting that this conference was held at a time when the global economy is shaky and characterized by rising inflation levels, rising commodity prices, geopolitical tensions as a result of the war in Ukraine, a looming recession and a weakening dollar. While the aforementioned conditions are different from the state of affairs in 1944 when Bretton Woods kicked in, interestingly, the above factors combined have provided a perfect storm for a new monetary order. For example, after the seizure of Afghanistan and Russia's foreign reserves by the U.S., it became evidently clear to most nation-states that U.S. Treasurys were no longer the "risk-free" assets that they used to be, and that diversification away from "freezable assets" is a matter of national security. Nic Carter summarized this perfectly in an ऑप-एड का टुकड़ा, writing the following, "While seizing Afghan or Russian reserves may feel righteous and just, the immediate effect of such action is to completely undermine the credibility of dollar debt as an international savings device." As dollar hegemony hangs in the balance, the birth of a new monetary system is imminent.
क्रेडिट सुइस विश्लेषक, ज़ोल्टन पॉज़सर द्वारा भी साझा किया गया एक विचार, जिन्होंने रूसी एफएक्स भंडार की जब्ती के बाद भविष्यवाणी की थी कि दुनिया एक कमोडिटी-समर्थित मौद्रिक प्रणाली में वापस आ जाएगी, जिसे उन्होंने "ब्रेटन वुड्स III।" इसी नाम की एक रिपोर्ट में उन्होंने निम्नलिखित टिप्पणी की,
“We are witnessing the birth of Bretton Woods III — a new world (monetary) order centered around commodity-based currencies in the East that will likely weaken the eurodollar system and also contribute to inflationary forces in the West … When this crisis (and war) is over, the U.S. dollar should be much weaker and, on the flipside, the renminbi much stronger, backed by a basket of commodities. After this war is over, ‘money’ will never be the same again…and Bitcoin (if it still exists then) will probably benefit from all this.”
It is very likely that as sovereigns seek diversification away from U.S. Treasurys, the scenario of a commodity-based monetary system, i.e., gold standard 2.0, will likely be a temporary stopgap measure on the path to bitcoin adoption as the new global reserve currency. Gold-based monetary systems have failed in the past and they are prone to centralization — especially given the fact that the largest gold reserves on earth are held by just three countries: the U.S., China and Russia. Current events and tensions point to such a system being anything but stable or cooperative.
Fidelity Digital Assets shared the following perspective concerning Bitcoin nation-state adoption in a हाल ही की रिपोर्ट,
"History has shown capital flows to where it is treated best and embracing innovation leads to more wealth and prosperity. We also think there is very high stakes game theory at play here, whereby if bitcoin गोद लेने में वृद्धि, जो देश कुछ सुरक्षित करते हैं bitcoin आज का दिन अपने साथियों की तुलना में प्रतिस्पर्धी रूप से बेहतर रहेगा। इसलिए, भले ही अन्य देश निवेश थीसिस या अपनाने में विश्वास न करें bitcoin, they will be forced to acquire some as a form of insurance. In other words, a small cost can be paid today as a hedge compared to a potentially much larger cost years in the future. We therefore wouldn't be surprised to see other sovereign nation states acquire bitcoin in 2022 and perhaps even see a central bank make an acquisition."
El Salvador has already led the way in this direction by being the first nation-state to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender, a move which represents a paradigm shift away from the current fiat monetary system as well as the commodity-based monetary system as predicted by Pozsar. A move that was subsequently copied by Prospera, Honduras; Madeira, Portugal; Lugano, Switzerland; and the Central African Republic, as predicted by Fidelity. Despite Zoltan's skepticism regarding Bitcoin, "Bretton Woods III" will probably be a bitcoin monetary system since it's probably the only asset currently in existence that is fully decentralized and is a neutral international settlement medium that सहयोग को प्रोत्साहित करता है युद्ध के ऊपर।
While the conference in El Salvador was primarily focused on financial inclusion, it gave the government of El Salvador a unique opportunity to share their bitcoin adoption journey with other financial policymakers. A Bitcoin-focused panel was also part of the lineup and was presented by the two entrepreneurs behind Bitcoin Beach, Roman Martinez and Nicolas Burtey. During प्रस्तुति, they spoke at length about the history of Bitcoin Beach, the payment systems that were built, as well as Bitcoin and the Lightning Network. Furthermore, the attendees went on a tour of Bitcoin Beach where they were able to see what financial inclusion under a Bitcoin standard looks like up close. During the tour, they had the opportunity to purchase coffee and coconut with bitcoin via the Lighting Network, and to exchange bitcoin for dollars using a Bitcoin एटीएम। गैलोय के अनुसार (के डेवलपर्स Bitcoin Beach wallet) the central bankers in attendance got to experience how bitcoin benefits people that are financially excluded from the current financial system.
Financial inclusion is the trojan horse that will eventually lead to gradual bitcoin adoption by emerging market countries, and during this conference, El Salvador used this opportunity to plant the seeds for more nation-state adoption of Bitcoin। के प्रकाश में Bitcoin Beach tour by the central bankers, JAN3 CEO Samson Mow had this to say, "What took place in El Salvador is the spreading of hope and freedom through Bitcoin adoption. We now have nation-states working on orange pilling other nation-states, which is quite amazing if you think about it. Everything is accelerating and it’s bullish for Bitcoin."
As the cracks begin to appear in the current monetary system, it's only a matter of time before we begin to see more nation-state adoption. History will look upon this year's edition of the AFI summit as "the shot heard round the world" for ushering in a bitcoin-based monetary system.
यह Kudzai Kutukwa की गेस्ट पोस्ट है। व्यक्त की गई राय पूरी तरह से उनकी अपनी हैं और जरूरी नहीं कि वे बीटीसी इंक. या . के विचारों को प्रतिबिंबित करें Bitcoin पत्रिका.
मूल स्रोत: Bitcoin पत्रिका