Kastalar úr sanddollum: SBF, FTX og aðrir þriggja stafa umboðsmenn

By Bitcoin Tímarit - fyrir 1 ári - Lestrartími: 17 mínútur

Kastalar úr sanddollum: SBF, FTX og aðrir þriggja stafa umboðsmenn

How stablecoins and the unstable con, Sam Bankman-Fried, built a corrupt castle of sand and how it all washed out.

Sagan af Bitcoin has certainly had its fair share of nefarious characters, criminal activity, bad haircuts and worse wardrobes, and yet our anti-hero du jour has seemed to outdo them all. Sam Bankman-Fried, better known by the three letter acronym SBF, burst onto the scene at the peak of the 2017 bubble, founding Alameda Research that September, just four years after graduating from an internship into a full-time position at one of the world’s largest market makers, Jane Street Capital.

SBF is the son of Stanford Law professor and founder of left-wing super PAC Mind The Gap, Barbara Fried, and Stanford professor Joseph Bankman, an expert on tax shelter laws and government regulation. At the start of 2018, SBF had struck digital gold while taking advantage of the arbitrage opportunity presenting itself between a higher demand for bitcoin in the Asian market, colloquially known as the “kimchi premium”. By the end of the year, and after amassing a considerable fortune from this high-volume bitcoin/dollar spread, he officially moved to Hong Kong, formally founding the derivatives exchange FTX in the following spring.

The Bitcoin network that SBF rode from rags to riches and back again was partially launched in direct response to the fiat money experiment rearing its ugly head in the subprime mortgage, real estate and eurodollar crises that culminated into what is now known as the Great Financial Crisis of 2007 to 2009.

„??EThe Times 03/jan/2009 Kanslari á barmi annarar björgunaraðgerðar fyrir banka%“

- Satoshi Nakamoto, January 3, 2009

This now infamous inscription in the genesis block made clear the inappropriate fractional reserve banking and predatory loan fiascos of our regulated banking industry was to be put to rest once and for all by this emergent monetary protocol; a completely transparent and decentralized ledger would de-incentivize fraud and prevent obfuscation of illicit activity. A new competitor to the dollar arose from the ashes of the meltdown, and with it, a new standard for financial fairness, complete with predictable issuance, controlled once and for all by the people for the people. Yet in any system made with good intentions, criminals like SBF and his bought-and-paid-for political and media allies manage to find a way to hurt innocent people for the advantage of an unknown few. Like most intriguing stories of fraudulent financial crimes, this one starts in the Bahamas, and ends with a tidal wave of asset liquidations and broken homes.

„Ef þú heldur að Bahamaeyjar hafi eyðilagt alþjóðlegt skattkerfi þitt, þá ertu með ansi hræðilegt alþjóðlegt skattkerfi.

- Steven Dean, Summer 2020 [1]

Hleypt af stokkunum The Stablecoin, CBDC Race To The Botn

Bahamaeyjar virðast nógu saklausar, og samt er löng saga um skattsvik í Bandaríkjunum, heill með romm-hlaupandi töframönnum á banntímabilinu. Í framhaldi af þessari hefð voru bankamiðstöðvar í Karíbahafi, þar á meðal Bahamaeyjar og Caymaneyjar, frá og með ágúst 2022, fjórðu stærstu erlendir eigendur ríkisverðbréfa, á eftir aðeins Japan, Kína og Bretlandi. Stuttu eftir stofnun þess, FTX nýtti sér að fullu ókeypis peningatímabilið sem hófst með hruninu 2008 og var haldið uppi af lágum til núllvöxtum sem Trump-stjórnin lagði á sig.

These rate cuts were started by the Trump-nominated and Biden-renominated Jerome Powell and were further exacerbated by both of their administrations’ COVID responses. An unprecedented pumping of all things dollar denominated occurred, with real estate, stock indexes, bitcoin and a whole bunch of unregistered securities known as altcoins reaching new highs across the board. In June 2019, one month after the founding of FTX, Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg announced Libra, a digital currency based on a basket of international currencies; a novel take on stablecoins. This launched the stablecoin and CBDC race in earnest, and coincidentally enough, the Central Bank of the Bahamas became the first such institution to announce its own CBDC, the sand dollar, in October 2020. The sand dollar itself was pegged to the Bahamian dollar, which is itself pegged to the United States dollar, and thus with its government-sanctioned launch, the birth of the first central bank-issued stablecoin dollar came to be on the sandy beaches of SBF’s new home.

"What is the reserve currency of the crypto economy going to be? Right now it's unambiguously the USD. And interestingly it's USD whether or not you're looking at the American crypto economy."

- Sam Bankman-Fried, November 5, 2021

Þó að bandarísk stjórnvöld hafi látið sér detta í hug að óttast kerfisáhættu á þeim tíma, skildu kínversk stjórnvöld að Vogverkefnið væri bakdyramæring á gjaldmiðlum G7-ríkjanna sem orðrómur var um að væri innifalinn í körfunni. Þessi áætlun um samræmda seðlabankastarfsemi, sem Metaverse hefur haldið á 1985 Plaza Accord, myndi dreifa netnotendum í USD um stærsta net internetsins, hraðað vegna mikils hraða sem er í boði í miðstýrðum stafrænum greiðslum og hnattrænt vegna landamæralauss eðlis Facebook notendahópsins. .

The digital yuan was trialed in April 2021 with great haste in reaction to this development, and by the Winter Olympics 2022, had launched for foreign attendees in Beijing. Not to be outdone by these new-look, same-shit fiat cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin made its own financial history when President Nayib Bukele of El Salvador took to the stage at Bitcoin 2021 to announce the legal tender aspirations of his small but dollarized nation. On March 9, 2022 President Joe Biden signed Executive Order #14067–”Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets”, which included aspirations for mitigation of financial risks in digital asset markets, as well as a clause stating that within 210 days, the attorney general, in consultation with the secretary of the treasury and the chairman of the Federal Reserve, must provide a formal proposal for a government-issued CBDC.


Á þessum tímapunkti, sem Bitcoin financial system had been utterly and properly dollar-ified, with billions of dollars in liquidity of dollar-denominated trading pairs making up the lion’s share of market activity. The same can be said for the Ethereum network, which has seen its compliance-driven perversion by non-native assets taking the wheel from its token Ether, as stablecoin and other dollar derivatives now uphold the majority of economic weight of the system. Both stablecoin giants Circle, issuer of USDC, and Tether came out in support of the merge, further ossifying their stake in the now-nearly-70%-OFAC-compliant blockchain. [2] As of this article’s writing, over 15.5 million ether are currently staked without active withdrawals in the Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain, worth nearly $18 billion dollars.[3] Fortunately for Bitcoin, the consensus weight of its system is not manipulated by user stake, and thus the Bitcoin market has been seemingly unaffected – negatively anyway – by this decade-long development. At least until scammer Do Kwon and his ponzi-scheme Luna wreaked havoc on investors at the start of May of 2022.

"[Crypto er] augljóslega alvarlegt ... þú vilt gera rétt við það í eftirlitsrýminu."

- President Bill Clinton, April 27, 2022 (Allegedly) [4]

Smit breiðist út

Only a few weeks after SBF hosted a keynote with former U.K. Prime Minister Tony Blair and President Bill Clinton at the FTX-organized Crypto Bahamas conference, one of the largest-ever over-the-counter bitcoin purchases was announced by the LUNA team.

Terraform Labs and the non-profit Luna Foundation Guard, two entities headed by Do Kwon, had begun a campaign to purchase bitcoin sem varasjóður ef reiknirit stablecoin þeirra, UST, víki frá $1 tengingu. Skömmu fyrir hrun þeirra hafði áætlunin náð því háleita markmiði að stafla yfir 10 milljörðum dala í erfiðustu stafrænu vöru sem menn vita. Þessi kaup voru fjármögnuð með Three Arrows Capital, eða 3AC, og voru auðvelduð af dulritunargjaldmiðlara Genesis.

"Terra's remarkable growth has continuously reshaped crypto markets over the last two years”, said Joshua Lim, head of derivatives at Genesis. “Genesis is excited to be a liquidity partner to the Terra ecosystem, connecting it to a broader audience of institutional market participants."

Með bitcoin reserves of Luna Foundation Guard totalling 80,394 BTC, valued at over $3.1 billion on May 5, 2022, this purchase placed LFG among the top-10 bitcoin holders in the world. [5] But only for a moment, for while it might feel like a lifetime ago, what happened next should look awfully familiar; the peg was attacked, the recently-purchased bitcoin fortune was liquidated, Binance, led by CEO Changpeng Zhao (CZ), aptly halted all trading on LUNA and UST pairs – with notable exceptions to their own stablecoin BUSD – and Kwon seemingly fled to outside of U.S. jurisdiction to Asia. [6]

Thus begins our first of many repeatable points of inquiry; where exactly did this bitcoin go? According to an audit released in November 2022, over 33,000 bitcoin were transferred to Binance on May 10, 2022, and sold along with other assets while failing to defend the peg. [7] The same day the nearly $1 billion dollars worth of bitcoin högg Binance’s order books, bitcoin’s USD price broke below $30,000, falling from $40,000 just a week before.

Þann 13. maí keypti SBF 7.6% hlut í Robinhood, viðskiptavettvanginum sem var til skoðunar fyrir að stöðva viðskipti á meðan GameStop-bröltið varð snemma árs 2021. Bloomberg hafði greint frá því að um 40% af tekjum Robinhood kæmu beint frá því að selja viðskiptavinum pantanir til fyrirtækja eins og td. sem Two Sigma Securities og Citadel Securities. [8] Citadel hafði verið sektað um 700,000 Bandaríkjadali í júlí 2020 fyrir viðskipti sem sett voru fram af pöntunum viðskiptavina, og í september sama ár var Robinhood sjálft yfirheyrt af bandaríska verðbréfaeftirlitinu (SEC) fyrir að upplýsa viðskiptavini á óviðeigandi hátt um að selja hlutabréfaviðskipti til þekktra hátíðniviðskiptafyrirtækja.

Áður í desember 2020 hafði Robinhood samþykkt að greiða 65 milljónir dala til að gera upp ákærur um endurteknar rangfærslur fyrir að hafa ekki upplýst um móttökur þeirra á greiðslum frá umræddum viðskiptafyrirtækjum. [9] Þegar nýtilnefndur fjármálaráðherra, Janet Yellen, greindi nýkjörnum forseta Joe Biden frá þessum hagsmunaárekstrum í febrúar 2021, varð hún sjálf að afla sér siðferðisafsals vegna þess að hafa fengið að minnsta kosti $700,000 í hátalaralaun frá Citadel LLC árið fyrri. [10] SBF hafði birt þessi kaup í gegnum skjalfest 13-D eyðublað hjá SEC, sem kostaði 648.3 milljarða dollara og gaf honum 2.8% atkvæðavægi í tvíflokka hlutabréfaskipulagi þeirra, undir einingunni Emergent Fidelity Technologies; nafn sem sagt er búið til af handahófi. [11]

"Þann 13. júlí mun Coinbase Exchange sameina USD og USDC pöntunarbækur. Sem hluti af sameiningunni verða USDC pantanabækur sameinaðar undir USD pantanabækur til að skapa betri, óaðfinnanlegri viðskiptaupplifun með dýpri lausafjárstöðu fyrir USD og USDC.

- Coinbase Exchange Twitter, June 29, 2022 [12]

Circle, aðilinn á bak við sífellt notaða USDC stablecoin, hafði áður stækkað alþjóðlegt tilboð sitt með dótturfyrirtæki með aðsetur á Bermúda með tilkynningu sem send var 22. júlí 2019. [13] Þessi aðili, skráð samkvæmt Digital Assets Business Act of 2018 ( „DABA“) þýddi að Circle var fyrsti stóri stablecoin-útgefandinn til að fá Class F ("Fullt") DABA leyfi sem náði yfir rekstur þeirra á vörslu, greiðsluþjónustu, skipti, viðskiptum og fleiri fjármálaþjónustu innan stafræna eignaheimsins. Aðrir bankasamstarfsaðilar Circle, Signet, Signature Bank og Silvergate Capital, höfðu veitt Celsius, Voyager, Block Fi, Three Arrows Capital og Alameda Research USD lán. Þegar þessi grein var skrifuð höfðu allir farið fram á gjaldþrot. Tvö af öðrum samstarfsaðilum þeirra, Galaxy Digital og Genesis, hafa einnig greint frá miklu tapi í FTX hruninu, með sögusögnum um frekari smitáhrif. Coinbase, kauphöll í almennum viðskiptum undir auðkenninu $COIN, tilkynnti í hluthafabréfi sínu á öðrum ársfjórðungi 2 að næstum þriðjungur heildartekna væri fenginn af vöxtum af eignarhlutum í USD, þar á meðal stórri USDC stöðu:

„Vaxtatekjur námu 33 milljónum dala, jukust um 211% miðað við fyrsta ársfjórðung. Aukningin var fyrst og fremst knúin áfram af USDC starfsemi okkar, sem og hærri vöxtum þar sem við sækjum vexti á Fiat vörslusjóði viðskiptavina ... í lok annars ársfjórðungs höfðum við $1 milljarða samtals $USD fjármagn. Að auki áttum við 2 milljónir dollara af dulritunareignum. [6.2]

Þegar bréfið var gefið út seint í ágúst 2022 voru vextir á USDC eignarhlut í 12 mánuði allt að 4.7%, en eins mánaðar ávöxtunarkrafa var jöfn 4%. Þann 16. nóvember 2022 var ávöxtunarkrafa USDC komin niður í 0% á öllum tímaramma.[15]

“1) Binance converts USDC --> BUSD, and we see the change in supplies. Thus begins the Second Great Stablecoin War.”

- @SBF, October 23, 2022 [16]

Á september 4, 2022, Binance announced that it would be auto-converting all USDC, USDP and TUSD, three major dollar stablecoins, into its self-issued BUSD, effective in just 25 days. [17] This led to continued concerns about Binance’s solvency with the preceding few months, especially July 2022, seeing the largest known outflows of bitcoin in the exchange’s history, eclipsing even March 2020’s black swan bottom.

Þann 11. október, 216 dögum eftir framkvæmdaskipun Biden með fyrrnefndu 210 daga ákvæðinu, tilkynnti BNY Mellon, stærsti vörslubanki heims með yfir 43 billjónir Bandaríkjadala á bókunum, og fyrir tilviljun, vörsluaðili varasjóðs Circle sem styður USDC, að hefja rekstur þess. stafræn eignavörsluáætlun. [18] Bankinn sem fyrsti fjármálaráðherrann, Alexander Hamilton stofnaði, tók þátt í meira en 20% af fjárfestum eignum heimsins, og var einnig skráður sem samstarfsaðili í FedNow flugmanninum. [19]

Despite these institutional developments, a continued bear market weighed heavily on the now-plummeting bitcoin price. Paradoxically, more and more Bitcoin hash rate poured onto the network. These concurrent movements saw Bitcoin’s hash price plummet to an all-time low, spurring a massive liquidation of bitcoin liabilities off mining operators books. On October 26, Core Scientific, then the largest Bitcoin mining operation in the world, filed for bankruptcy with millions of dollars in debt liabilities, thousands of ASICs, and yet in their filings, held only 24 bitcoin total when the circus came to town. [20] Where exactly did all this bitcoin go? On that same day, barely two weeks before the FTX collapse, Binance saw its largest single day outflow, with 71,579 coins, totalling over $1.1 billion in dollar terms. [21] This pushed net outflows to nearly 95,000 coins from the world’s largest exchange since just that July. Again, where exactly did all this bitcoin go? The very next day, October 27, 2022, SBF appeared on The Big Whale and announced future plans for FTX to launch its very own stablecoin. [22]

Meira sandur en dollarar

„CIA og Mossad og pedo-elítan reka einhverskonar fjárkúgunarhring fyrir kynlífssmygl frá Púertó Ríkó og Karíbahafseyjum. Þeir ætla að ramma mig inn með fartölvu sem fyrrverandi kærastinn minn sá um sem var njósnari. Þeir munu pynta mig til dauða."

- Nikolai Muchgian, October 28, 2022 [23]

Þann 24. október 2022 samþykkti MakerDAO tillögu samfélagsins um vörslu næstum $1.6 milljarða USDC hjá Coinbase Prime. [24] Fjórum dögum síðar tísti Nikolai Muchigan, annar stofnandi MakerDAO og fann upp Rai, DAI-fork stablecoin, að líf hans væri í hættu vegna fjárkúgunarhring á Karíbahafseyjum, sem talið er vera stutt af ísraelskum og bandarískum leyniþjónustumönnum. . Þremur dögum síðar, á hrekkjavöku, fannst hinn 29 ára gamli Muchigan látinn eftir að hafa drukknað í sjónum við Condado-strönd í Púertó Ríkó. [25]

Two days later, on November 2, 2022, CoinDesk reporter Ian Allison released findings that over a third of all assets – around $5.8 billion of $14.6 billion – on the balance sheet of SBF’s Alameda Research was intrinsically, and soon to be fatally, linked to FTX’s exchange token FTT. A “bank” run commenced, and after three days of nearly $6 billion in withdrawals, FTX was left with literally one single bitcoin. Where exactly did all this bitcoin go? The next day in an interview with Fortune, Coinbase founder and CEO Brian Armstrong made note that USDC will become the de facto central bank digital currency in the U.S. [26]

„Stefnumótendur í Bandaríkjunum munu setja rammann sem þarf að fylgja þannig að einkamarkaðurinn muni raunverulega búa til lausnirnar, og USD mynt hefur verið á mjög hraðri uppleið... regluumhverfið er ein stærsta opnun sem við erum að fara í. að hafa með tilliti til þess að stækka þessa atvinnugrein og jafnvel fá verðið til að hækka aftur í rétta átt“

- Brian Armstrong, November 3, 2022

On November 6, CZ announced Binance would liquidate a remaining portion of FTT it had acquired from exiting FTX’s equity, having received around $2.1 billion in BUSD and FTT. Minutes after his announcement, Caroline Ellison, SBF’s partner and the CEO of Alameda Research, offered to purchase the tokens at $22 each, in an over-the-counter fashion. [27] By November 8, CZ and SBF had a phone call and seemingly came to a tentative deal for acquisition, reserving the right to back out of the deal at any time, while interestingly also leaving both U.S.-based proprietary exchanges, Binance.us and FTX.us, outside the scope of the deal.

“Things have come full circle, and FTX.com’s first, and last, investors are the same: we have come to an agreement on a strategic transaction with Binance for FTX.com (pending DD etc)”, SBF tweeted. [28]

Síðar um kvöldið stöðvaði FTX formlega allar úttektir eigna. Sem hluti af skilyrðum kaupanna neyddist SBF til að opna FTX bækurnar og sýna botninn á vösum sínum; Þegar CZ sá meira sand en dollara, dró CZ sig út úr samningnum. Nokkrar mikilvægar yfirlýsingar voru gefnar á 48 klukkustundum eða svo sem leiddu til þessa skyndilegu hörmungar, þar á meðal frá afskaplega rólegu bandarísku verðbréfaeftirlitinu sjálfu.

“Liquidating our FTT is just post-exit risk management, learning from LUNA. We gave support before, but we won't pretend to make love after divorce. We are not against anyone. But we won't support people who lobby against other industry players behind their backs. Onwards.”

- CZ, November 6, 2022 [29]

Hinn 7. nóvember 2022 taldi SEC opinberlega LBRY, eða Library Coin, óskráð öryggistilboð, sem skapaði hrikalegt fordæmi á hinum útbreidda dulritunargjaldmiðlamarkaði. [30] Í héraðsdómi Bandaríkjanna fyrir District of New Hampshire stóð í minnisblaðinu og skipuninni: „Verðbréfanefndin (SEC) heldur því fram að LBRY, Inc. hafi boðið og selt óskráð verðbréf í bága við 5. hluta verðbréfanna. laga frá 1933“, athöfnin sem í daglegu tali er þekkt sem The Howey Test.

Vegna þess að LBRY pantaði fornámu upp á næstum 400 milljón LBC tákn og vitneskju um að fyrirtækið hingað til hefði eytt um helmingi af fornámu LBC, ákvað SEC sameiginlegt fyrirtæki fullkomið með skorti á upplýsingagjöf og réttri skráningu þess. nú meint öryggisframboð í gegnum nauðsynlegar rásir í SEC sem Gary Gensler er formaður. Afleiðingar þessarar umsóknar sendu höggbylgjur yfir for-námu auðkennisiðnaðinn, þar á meðal kauphallir sem skrá þessi tákn sem og aðila á bak við útgáfu þeirra. Þægilega var að næsta dagur var 8. nóvember, miðkjörfundarkosningar í Bandaríkjunum, þar sem jafnvægi öldungadeildarinnar og hússins - og ef til vill reglugerðarleið stafrænna eignaiðnaðarins - var enn og aftur í húfi.

Leit að FTX á FEC.gov leiðir til 456 einstaklingsframlags frá SBF, forstjóra Ryan Salame og fleirum. [31] Framlög Salame eru samtals yfir 14 milljónir Bandaríkjadala til frambjóðenda í GOP, á meðan „árangursríkur ofvirkni“ SBF lagði fram yfir 20 milljónir Bandaríkjadala í framlög til DNC stjórnmálamanna. Eftir að hafa verið annar fremsti gjafi Biden-herferðarinnar, þegar lokatölur frá kosninganóttinni komu fram, hafði bankabók SBF loksins náð siðferði sínu og hann fann sig næstum algjörlega gjaldþrota.

By November 9, the day after the elections, SBF had reportedly lost 94% of his net worth, down to $1 billion from more than $15 billion, leaving him with the largest single-day loss by a person according to the Bloomberg Billionaire Index. [32] Early in the morning of November 10, SBF took to Twitter to explain what happened, writing “I'm sorry. That's the biggest thing. I fucked up, and should have done better”, before making a specific note that “THIS IS ALL ABOUT FTX INTERNATIONAL, THE NON-US EXCHANGE. FTX US USERS ARE FINE!” [33]

Kafli 11

“The administration [...] has consistently maintained that without proper oversight, cryptocurrencies risk harming everyday Americans…The most recent news further underscores these concerns and highlights why prudent regulation of cryptocurrencies is indeed needed.”

- White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre, November 10, 2022 [34]

Á ellefta degi ellefta mánaðar sóttu FTX og Alameda Research formlega um 11. kafla gjaldþrotavernd og SBF hætti sem forstjóri. Að auki hófu 130 tengd fyrirtæki sem tengdust eða tengdust FTX sjálfviljugar málsmeðferð samkvæmt kafla 11. [35] Flóðið hafði farið út og næstum allir sem hlut eiga að máli lentu í því að synda naktir, þar sem nær endalaus flóðbylgja gjaldþrotaskipta í dollurum. fljótleg vinna Karabíska heimsveldisins SBF.

Þó að fyrstu lækkanir af dollara CBDC hafi hafist á Bahamaeyjum, er monsún komandi reglugerðar og smits af öðru mikla Stablecoin stríðinu langt frá því að vera lokið. Dollarinn, sem hefur fallið um 10% frá 35 ára DXY-hæðum síðan í september, leitar nýrra leiða til nýsköpunar og enn frekar dollarvæðingu á mörkuðum um allan heim.

On November 15, just four days after the SBF tsunami crashed to shore, BNY Mellon, as well as a dozen or so other banking institutions, announced the start of a twelve-week digital dollar pilot program with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. [36] On the very same day, BlockFi announced plans for bankruptcy filings, only five months after taking a $250 million loan from FTX, and Circle announced users would now be able to settle payments by accepting Apple Pay. [37,38] With a significant 43% discount now showing on the highly-regulated Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, further community requests for proof of reserves are growing around Genesis and Grayscale, both owned by the Digital Currency Group, and even their custodian, Coinbase Custody. [39,40] As of this writing, these requests have so far been denied for security reasons.

Þótt það virðist vera að rísa á öldu hinnar uppsveiflu stafrænu eignabyltingar, safna meðmælum fræga fólksins og pólitískum bandamönnum jafnt, kemur í ljós að SBF var að drukkna í skuldum og misskiptingum fjármagns meðal háværra, almennra lofs. Síðar í þessum mánuði, 30. nóvember, átti SBF að koma fram í eigin persónu á New York Times viðburði, styrkt af Accenture, ásamt Yellen framkvæmdastjóra, Mark Zuckerberg forstjóra Meta, Volodymyr Zelensky forseti Úkraínu, Larry Fink forstjóri BlackRock, forstjóri TikTok Shou Chew, fyrrverandi varaforseti Michael Pence, forstjóri Amazon Andy Jassy, ​​meðstofnandi og forstjóri Netflix Reed Hastings, borgarstjóri New York, Eric Adams, og fleiri; miðar á viðburðinn voru skráðir á $2,499 á hvern þátttakanda.[41] Viðtalinu milli SBF og Andrew Ross Sorkin var streymt eins og auglýst var, að vísu þar sem báðir aðilar myndu fjarstýrt.

Bitcoin tends to be a ballast of truth, bringing all sorts of ballooning fraud rushing to the surface. FTX and Alameda Research will take their place amongst the seemingly too-big-to-sink players that ended up doing just that. They will certainly not be the last. However the following weeks, months, and years play out, it is clear that SBF was but a small fish in an ocean-sized, dollarized pond. And as he quickly found out, there is always a bigger fish.

„Á einhverjum tímapunkti gæti ég haft meira að segja um tiltekinn sparringfélaga, ef svo má segja. En þú veist, glerhús. Svo í bili segi ég bara: vel spilað; þú vannst." [42]

– Sam Bankman-Fried, 10. nóvember 2022

ENDAMINNINGAR:

[1]https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2021/06/24/in-the-1930s-the-bahamas-became-a-tax-problem-for-treasury/

[2]https://fortune.com/2022/08/09/stablecoins-circle-tether-support-ethereum-merge-proof-of-stake

[3]https://ethereumprice.org/eth-2-deposits/

[4]https://www.msn.com/en-us/entertainment/entertainment-celebrity/inside-bahamas-crypto-festival-where-ftx-ceo-bankman-fried-welcomed-bill-clinton-and-katy-perry/

[5]https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/luna-foundation-now-holds-more-bitcoin-than-tesla

[6]https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/binance-remove-trading-pairs-ftx-114338983.html

[7]https://lfg.org/audit/LFG-Audit-2022-11-14.pdf&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1668725884650403&usg=AOvVaw22nNl-O_mnhcT8MxsEtEiX

[8]https://www.truthorfiction.com/does-citadel-own-robinhood/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1668980992263700&usg=AOvVaw31decanIMGsjR2r2ceb0sP

[9]https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-321

[10]https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/02/treasury-secretary-janet-yellen-to-call-regulator-meeting-on-gamestop-volatility-seeks-ethics-waiver.html

[11] https://www.axios.com/2022/05/13/what-does-sam-bankman-fried-want-with-robinhood

[12]https://twitter.com/CoinbaseExch/status/1542270332299579396?s=20&t=3qAy3oJqtmMnLdfwk-JTJA

[13]https://www.circle.com/blog/circle-expands-international-offerings-with-new-bermuda-operations-and-digital-assets-business-license

[14]https://s27.q4cdn.com/397450999/files/doc_financials/2022/q2/Q2-2022-Shareholder-Letter.pdf

[15]https://www.circle.com/en/usdc-yield#start

[16]https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX/status/1584077423280521216?s=20&t=UB_GcB9mjBRJtNS8sS4RJQ

[17]https://www.binance.com/en/support/announcement/binance-to-auto-convert-usdc-usdp-tusd-to-busd-binance-usd-e62f703604a94538a1f1bc803b2d579f

[18]https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/bny-mellon-launches-new-digital-asset-custody-platform-301645324.html

[19]https://www.frbservices.org/financial-services/fednow/community/news/012521-announcing-pilot-program-participants.html

[20]https://www.forbes.com/sites/rosemariemiller/2022/10/27/core-scientific-unable-to-pay-bills-warns-of-bankruptcy/

[21]https://bitcoinke.io/2022/11/largest-bitcoin-outflow-on-binance/

[22]https://finance.yahoo.com/news/sbf-ftx-stablecoin-second-great-055956820.html

[23]https://twitter.com/delete_shitcoin/status/1585918718088970241

[24]https://www.coinbase.com/blog/coinbase-launches-usdc-institutional-rewards-program-with-makerdao

[25]https://www.trustnodes.com/2022/10/31/etherean-nikolai-muchgian-dead-by-drowning

[26]https://fortune.com/crypto/2022/11/03/coinbase-ceo-says-usdc-will-become-de-facto-cbdc/

[27]https://twitter.com/carolinecapital/status/1589287457975304193

[28]https://www.binance.com/en/news/flash/7268278

[29]https://twitter.com/cz_binance/status/1589374530413215744

[30]https://odysee.com/@lbry:3f/secvslbrysummaryjudgementruling:a

[31]https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?contributor_employer=FTX

[32]https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/09/business/sam-bankman-fried-wealth-ftx-ctrp/index.html

[33]https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX/status/1590709166515310593

[34]https://cointelegraph.com/news/white-house-says-prudent-regulation-of-cryptocurrencies-is-needed-hinting-at-situation-with-ftx

[35]https://cryptopotato.com/ftx-and-alameda-file-for-bankruptcy-sbf-resigns-as-ceo/

[36]https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/digital-dollar-wall-street-banks-new-york-fed-ftx-crash-2022-11?miRedirects=1&op=1

[37]https://www.businessinsider.com/blockfi-ftx-bankruptcy-crypto-lender-emergency-loan-pausing-withdrawals-2022-11?op=1

[38]https://www.circle.com/blog/apple-pay-is-now-available-on-circle

[39]https://news.yahoo.com/grayscale-bitcoin-trust-hits-record-132435240.html

[40]https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-news-today-11-18-2022/card/coinbase-vouches-for-grayscale-investments-products-yA5vzaPEIvaOr7Ffj2GE

[41]https://www.nytco.com/press/the-new-york-times-to-host-annual-dealbook-summit-on-nov-30/

[42]https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX/status/1590709197502812160

Upprunaleg uppspretta: Bitcoin Tímarit