By Bitcoin Moheni - 4 marama ki muri - Te Wa Panui: 5 meneti
Bitcoin As A 21st Century Piece Of War
Many commentators compare Bitcoin with gold, the idea being that its finite supply makes it an attractive long-term Tuhinga o mua. There have been historical examples of broad adoption of gold currencies, such as the British Empire’s sovereign and half-sovereign. However, adoption of the sovereigns was often promoted and directed by the British imperial government, much to the dismay of local administrators who often suffered currency shortages. Bitcoin has no nation state to promote its adoption, so the comparison between it and gold sovereigns is a weak one. One of the world’s most heavily used silver currencies, the Spanish silver dollar, may offer a better comparison.
Ko te taara hiriwa Spanish, ranei reale as it was originally known, was unusual because it prospered as a trade currency while Spain, its nation of origin, declined. In addition, it was adopted in countries that were never Spanish colonies, thus violating the premise that a currency can only thrive if it has a strong home country promoting its use. The three main factors behind the te tino Ko te angitu ko te waatea, te kounga me te manatoko.
te reale I hangaia i te 1497, e rima tau i muri i te taunga o Columbus ki Amerika, i te wa i whakarereketia ai e Kingi Ferdinand raua ko Kuini Isabella te punaha moni a Spain na roto i te Pragmatica de Medina del Campo. Te hiriwa hou reale ka taea te wehewehe ki nga wahanga e waru, no reira 'nga wahanga e waru'. Kia mahara kaore e tika kia pohehe ki nga 'doubloons', he mea hanga mai i te koura.
E rima tekau tau i muri mai i te tau 1545 ka kitea e te Paniora te Cerro de Potosi i tenei ra i Bolivia, ko te puna nui rawa o te hiriwa i roto i te hitori o te ao. Na te kore o nga moni ka taea e te karauna Paniora te mahi miihini ngutu i New Spain i te tau 1535. I te wa ano, kua kitea e nga kaitoro Potiti te huarahi ki Inia me Haina, na reira ka takahuri atu i nga Arapi me nga Venetian e hoko ana i nga ducati koura i te huarahi Hiraka, engari ko nga kaihokohoko i te Rawhiti o Ahia i pai ake. te hiriwa i runga i te koura. He nui rawa te tono a te Hainamana na te kore o te parahi i whakamahia i roto i nga moni o te Ming dynasty i akiaki nga kaihokohoko ki te rapu huarahi. Ko te hiahia mo te hiriwa kaore i roa ka nui atu i te Hainamana me te Hapanihi, i hanga he maakete kua rite mo nga tukunga o ia ra ngutu mai i nga koroni o New Spain ki te Philippines, tetahi atu koroni Spanish.
Ka horahia tana whakatamarikitanga puta noa i Amerika i te tau 1792 ko te moni tuturu o te United States hou motuhake. Inaa, i te wa tuatahi i tukuna ai te taara o Amerika i herea ki te tūturu. 87 tau i muri mai i te tau 1879 ka pena ano a Haina, ka piri ana tana yuan hou ki te reale ko te peso Mexican ranei e mohiotia ana i tera wa. Na te tipu o te Emepaea o Paniora i tohatoha me te waatea puta noa i Amerika me Ahia, koinei te huarahi tuatahi ki te angitu.
Ko te take tuarua i whakarite te kawanatanga Spanish i te te tino i noho rite tonu te kounga, na te tikanga ka mau tonu tona uara. Kaore i rite ki etahi atu moni o te waa, ko te reale he iti rawa te whakahekenga. Heoi, ahakoa te reale i kaha tonu, ka ngoikore te ohanga o te kaainga Spanish. Ko nga mahi ki te karo i te pikinga o te utu, ko etahi o enei ko te whakaiti i te whare weriona coinage, stifled exports and encouraged imports and further crippled the Spanish economy. These policies, when combined with the demands of continuous conflict and profligate royal spending, ultimately led to a great deal of the silver ngutu kei te kaweake ki era atu o Uropi. Ko etahi atu o nga iwi Pakeha, otira ko te Tatimana me te Ingarangi, i tino hiahia ki te whakataetae ki te emepaea o Paniora, no reira ka hiahia te hiriwa ki te hoko ti, hiraka me nga mea kakara mai i Haina me Ahia. I timata te Kamupene o Ingarangi ki te Rawhiti o Inia ma te ngana ki te hoko kakahu wūru taumaha ki Inia me Haina, kaore i te miharo he iti rawa te angitu. Te whakamahi i te hiriwa ngutu i tino ngawari ake.
Ko te take whakamutunga i roto i te te tino ko te angitu ko te manatoko. Ko etahi atu whenua i ngana ki te tarai i te reale, engari ko nga moni kee he rite te kounga me te taumaha i paopaohia e nga kaihokohoko Hainamana me Ahia, na te mea he maamaa ake te whakaaro ko te Spanish ngutu i rite tonu. Ko te US tetahi o nga whakataetae kaore i angitu. I te tau 1872 i kii te US Treasury i te mea ko te reale i whakahau he 6-8% moni i te Rawhiti o Ahia, he 2% te hekenga o te hiriwa o Amerika. No reira i te tau 1873 i whakamanahia e te US Coinage Act te hanga i te US 'Trade dollar'. I mohiotia tenei moni hou ko te 'Eagle tara' na tona hoahoa Bald Eagle. Ko te whakaaro ka whai hua te US mai i te reanga i runga i te whakapono karekau te nuinga o nga Eagles e hoki whakamuri puta noa i te Moananui-a-Kiwa ki te waahi ka taea te hoko.
He momo angitu te Ekara. Ahakoa te tautoko a te Emepera o Tongzhi, he iti noa iho te tango i te taha tonga o Haina, engari kaore i te raki. Ko te mea tino pouri, i te hekenga o te uara o te hiriwa ka timata te ahua o te Eagle ki te United States i te mea he iti iho nga mea hiriwa i tona uara kanohi, e arai ana ki nga utu. I āta whakakorehia, a, mai i te tau 1873 he maha nga whenua i timata ki te heke ki te paerewa koura.
So, the question remains whether Bitcoin, which has no nation at all, could ever be treated as a trade currency. Like the Spanish silver dollar it is, in principle, abundantly available since it sits on the open internet. Where the reale was of consistent weight and purity so Bitcoin has a consistent design and structure. The maths that underpins it is the same in any country. Where the reale had earned what was effectively brand recognition, allowing it to be easily recognised by holders, so Bitcoin is easily verifiable because it sits on a public ledger with a hashed immutable structure. It took the reale about a hundred years to gain its recognition and status and the same may be true, in time, of Bitcoin. While there may be criticism of Bitcoin’s suitability as a means of exchange, which the reale certainly had, what is undeniable is that Bitcoin shares several of the features of success that underpinned adoption of the reale i roto i tona waatea, te kounga me te manatoko.
That one currency achieved wide adoption as its home nation was in decline was remarkable. That Bitcoin has achieved this with no home nation at all is even more remarkable.
This is a guest post by Nick Philpott. Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC Inc or Bitcoin Nūpepa.
Kuputuhi taketake: Bitcoin moheni