By Bitcoin مجله - 7 میاشتې دمخه - د لوستلو وخت: 8 دقیقې
له فساد سره مبارزه: کوي Bitcoin لویدیځ افریقا سمه کړئ؟
پیژندنه.
The most recent coup in Niger brings to a head a lot of the challenges that have been happening in west Africa, in Francophone Africa in particular. The French and US involvement in this region was purportedly to help economic development and fight corruption within Western Africa. As the Niger Coup edges towards a hot war, in the West we should consider what our role is in the region and whether we are justified in getting involved militarily. Could Bitcoin do what decades of American and French involvement have failed to do?
Many point to France’s involvement in the CFA (African Financial Community) as a method of controlling their former colonies through their control of the exchange rate. They have been able to devalue the CFA franc against the French Franc, or now the Euro, in a way to increase their purchasing power for raw materials from Africa and then selling back finished goods at an elevated price. This has meant the purchasing power of some of the poorest countries in the world is being diluted by France using monetary policy.
ډیری به وړاندیز وکړي چې دا شتون لري
د اسعارو جنګونه
د Central African Republic was the second country in the world to accept Bitcoin as legal tender. A year later the nation backtracked for a number of reasons including lack of internet access in the country.
The Central African Franc has been a dominant currency since the end of French colonial rule and replaces an earlier French colonial currency, known as the Franc of the French Colonies (F.CFA for short). Some have argued that this currency has facilitated better trade between West African countries, oferring increased stability compared to other African currencies. At the same time, many of these countries have not progressed past being just exporters of raw materials. Being dependent on exporting raw materials has also meant they are particularly subject to the effects of price shocks and what's going on in other parts of the global economy, i.e. an oil exporting country loses export income when the price of oil decreases.
Observers have increasingly looked at the CFA Franc as a mechanism for wealth transfer from these impoverished African nations to France. Even the prime minister of Italy has suggested that France's exploitation of raw materials from these countries has been a driver of economic migrants making dangerous trips to Europe for a better life.
Any attempts to move to something like Bitcoin has been tamped down, even as adoption has increased in many African Nations in general.
Fighting Corruption with Bitcoin
بې شمېره شوي دي Bitcoin heists over the years. There have been high profile embezzlement of Cryptocurrency, like the Mt Gox Hack او يا د FTX Embezzlement Scandal. These problems grab headlines and create a lot of mystery around what happened with these situations. The nature of decentralized networks like Bitcoin has made it more challenging to offer safeguards similar to traditional finance. Bitcoin notoriously got its start with Silk Road, an online marketplace on the Dark Web where people could buy anything they wanted. Transactions usually occurred using Bitcoin and people could buy innocuous items like on ebay all the way to drugs and other illegal items.
A lot of fear has been incited around the use of Bitcoin because of that. But the outcome of the Silk Road raids should give us insight into how Bitcoin is not worse, but probably better than the current financial system when it comes to investigation of its use in crime. The IRS and other law enforcement agencies have used the public nature of Bitcoin’s blockchain to their benefit. The blockchain records the movement of Bitcoin from wallet to wallet. While all the wallet addresses are anonymous, once a wallet address can be tied to an individual, it’s very easy to search the ledger for every transaction linked to that address.
دا د وخت په څیر پخوانی کیسه ده چیرې چې سیاستوال به د ځان بډایه کولو لپاره د عامه خزانې څخه پیسې اختلاس کوي. ډیری حکومتونو د دې ډاډ ترلاسه کولو لپاره محافظتونه ځای په ځای کړي چې دا ندي پیښ شوي ، مګر ډیری وختونه په افریقا کې دا محافظتونه یا شتون نلري یا د دوی شاوخوا اسانه لارې شتون لري. ډیری سیاستوال به بیا د سړکونو، بریښنا او پاکو اوبو په څیر د شیانو لپاره پیسې لیږدوي او دوی به یې پټ بانکي حسابونو ته ځي. دا ډیری وختونه په یو وخت کې په لږ مقدار کې ترسره کیږي ترڅو د شک څخه مخنیوی وشي.
There are other solutions that have been developed over the years, like Multi-Sig which requires the approval of multiple users to sign off on the use of funds. This could allow Comptrollers and Public oversight boards to be directly notified before any funds are being spent.
Bitcoin could be a major weapon against corruption. If a country uses Bitcoin as their official currency for public finances, there’s a public ledger tracking the spending from the official government Wallet. This ledger is accessible to the Press, political opposition, and to every interested citizen for that matter. This can allow real time tracking of embezzlement and corruption within Governments.
Bitcoin could Also be a double edged sword. We've seen in the US that once a person is tied to a wallet, law enforcement are able to track the amount that's in the wallet as well as the transactions using the public ledger.
Unscrupulous public officials could use this knowledge of their citizens Bitcoin Balance to target individuals or groups for bribery or extortion.
عادلانه ازاد تجارت
One of the challenges that has faced many post colonial nations, but West Africa in particular, has been a failure to capitalize on their natural resources. West Africa has gold, oil, diamonds, and uranium among other resources, but haven't been able to translate this into long-term sustainable growth. Some of this is domestic problems with corruption that hamper development. Heavy regulations make it difficult to conduct business due to licensing requirements;these requirements are often a thinly veiled attempt at securing bribes.
But this isn't the only mechanism at work here. One major problem within West Africa in particular has been the French imposition of the CFA Franc. The French have been regularly devaluing this currency so they have a trade advantage. As the CFA franc is devalued against the euro, the same amount of euros can purchase more African goods. When these nations look to buy finished goods from France, the longer they hold on to their CFA francs, the less they can buy from France as the currency loses value against the euro.
د خپلواکۍ وروسته د څو لسیزو لپاره دا هیوادونه اړ وو چې د فرانسې مرکزي بانک کې خپلې نغدي زیرمې وساتي. دا د فرانسې لپاره یو ویاړ دی، مګر د دې هیوادونو لپاره ګټې لږې وې. پداسې حال کې چې د دې کولو لپاره ځینې دلیلونه شتون لري، په شمول د نړیوال جوړجاړي چټکول او د فساد سره مبارزه، د ډیری برخې لپاره دا د پریکړې کولو یا د محلي بانکدارۍ زیربنا پراختیا کې د واک ضایع کول دي. دا د دې معنی هم لري چې د فرانسې مرکزي بانک توانیدلی چې د دې هیوادونو د راکړې ورکړې فیسونه واخلي، چې د شتمنیو له لاسه ورکولو المل کیږي.
Bitcoin fixes this. Independent of Central Banks, Bitcoin allows international transactions easily without an intermediary. With relatively low transaction costs as well, this would allow West African nations to engage in commerce with any country in the world without having to go through the intermediary of the French.
د لویدیز افریقا هیوادونه به وکولی شي ماشینري او تولید شوي توکي په مستقیم ډول له نورو هیوادونو څخه واخلي پرته لدې چې د ډیری اسعارو تبادلې ته لاړ شي. دا کولی شي دا هم اسانه کړي چې یو څه بشپړ شوي توکي یا نور توکي راوړي چې دوی ته اجازه ورکوي چې خپل محلي زیربناوې او صنعت رامینځته کړي. دا کیدای شي د کارول شوي یا نوي کان کیندنې تجهیزاتو، د تیلو د تصفیه کولو تجهیزاتو، د لرګیو راټولولو او پروسس کولو لپاره د آری ملونو، د شیشې جوړولو ماشینونو، او داسې نورو په بڼه وي. دا خورا ارزانه کیږي پرته له دې چې په هره معامله کې لویه برخه واخیستل شي.
د غیر بانکي خلکو لپاره بانکداري
One great advantage for individuals is that Bitcoin is open to anyone. Many people within Africa and the developing world tend to have challenges with banking that we often don't think about in the first world.
The first is access to identification. When you bring your kid down to the local bank to open their first savings account they will ask you to show their social security card and birth certificate in the US. Many people and the developing world don't have either. They are often born at home with a local midwife and it can be expensive or not worthwhile to register the birth with local officials. This means that millions around the world don't have access to banking as we know it.
په افریقا کې ډیری د دې توان لري چې دمخه د خپلو ګرځنده تلیفونونو له لارې تر یوې اندازې پورې په بانکداري کې برخه واخلي. په ټوله افریقا کې د دواړو سمارټ فونونو او فلیپ تلیفونونو پراخه پراختیا او اختیار شوی دی. د ډیټا یا دقیقو اخیستلو لپاره خلک به په نغدو پیسو سیم کارتونه واخلي او په خپل تلیفون کې به نوی سیم کارت واچوي. ډیری خلک به هره اونۍ یو نوی سیم کارت واخلي. دا په لویدیځ کې د ډیری ځایونو څخه خورا توپیر لري چیرې چې موږ د شالید چکونو څخه ځو او بیا د میاشتې په پای کې خپل بیل تادیه کوو.
موبايلونه ورکړل
people limited access to Mobile payments, but it's still somewhat limited and is generally in local currency with high transaction costs. Bitcoin allows people to use their money on their terms.
This has been more significant in times of chaos. As some nations have faced sanctions, individuals can use Bitcoin as a way to sidestep sanctions. Banks are often uncomfortable transferring funds to and from uncertain areas. Bitcoin has and could continue to give people access to goods and machines they need for their business to grow.
Challenges with Bitcoin
په داسې حال کې Bitcoin would work great as a drop-in replacement to bad currencies, that doesn't mean this is a perfect solution.
While there are some solutions to using bitcoin without access to the internet, most Bitcoin transactions require access to the blockchain and the internet to verify the transaction. This won't always be the case, and many bitcoin users and advocates have been working on systems which will allow people to use Bitcoin without having direct access to the internet.
Volatility within bitcoin is also something that makes it challenging to use day-to-day as a currency. The wild price fluctuations might make it better as a method of international settlement, but might make it difficult for day to day use.
Another not very pretty element to currency markets is that Bitcoin doesn't have an army or global bureaucracy. This is something that many people like about Bitcoin, but conflict with international organizations and nations like the International Monetary Fund, France, and the US have bristled at the idea of having a new global currency that isn't directly controlled by them.
د لویدیځې افریقا هیوادونو لپاره هم ښه بدیلونه کیدی شي. دوی ممکن د دوی د اسعارو لپاره د تضمین په توګه د توکو کڅوړې کارولو څخه غوره وي. ډیری لویدیز افریقایي هیوادونه کافي سره زر لري ترڅو دوی ته اجازه ورکړي چې د سرو زرو ملاتړ شوي نوټونه صادر کړي ، پشمول هغه یو چې د سرو زرو زیرمه کولو تصدیق کولو لپاره بلاکچین کاروي او د هغې لیږد تعقیبوي. ځینې اقتصاد پوهانو وړاندیز کړی چې د ډیری اجناسو کارولو لپاره د هر یو شی د بې ثباتۍ څخه مخنیوی وشي چې د اسعارو ارزښت اغیزه کوي. دا د اجناسو پراساس اسعارو ممکن په نړیواله کچه ډیر ارزښت ولري د بلاکچین سره دې اسعارو ته ډیر اعتبار ورکوي.
The Central African Republic has been trying to issue their own Cryptocurrency, and an effort a few years ago to involve all of West Africa, including French speaking West Africa and English Speaking Nigeria, has fizzled out as people viewed it as slowly became co-opted by France. Could Bitcoin succeed where those efforts failed?
This is a guest post by Phil Vecchio. Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC Inc or Bitcoin مجله.
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