Castles Made of Sand Dollars: SBF, FTX, and other Three Letter Agents

By Bitcoin Časopis - pred 1 rokom - Čas čítania: 17 minúty

Castles Made of Sand Dollars: SBF, FTX, and other Three Letter Agents

How stablecoins and the unstable con, Sam Bankman-Fried, built a corrupt castle of sand and how it all washed out.

Príbeh Bitcoin has certainly had its fair share of nefarious characters, criminal activity, bad haircuts and worse wardrobes, and yet our anti-hero du jour has seemed to outdo them all. Sam Bankman-Fried, better known by the three letter acronym SBF, burst onto the scene at the peak of the 2017 bubble, founding Alameda Research that September, just four years after graduating from an internship into a full-time position at one of the world’s largest market makers, Jane Street Capital.

SBF is the son of Stanford Law professor and founder of left-wing super PAC Mind The Gap, Barbara Fried, and Stanford professor Joseph Bankman, an expert on tax shelter laws and government regulation. At the start of 2018, SBF had struck digital gold while taking advantage of the arbitrage opportunity presenting itself between a higher demand for bitcoin in the Asian market, colloquially known as the “kimchi premium”. By the end of the year, and after amassing a considerable fortune from this high-volume bitcoin/dollar spread, he officially moved to Hong Kong, formally founding the derivatives exchange FTX in the following spring.

Bitcoin network that SBF rode from rags to riches and back again was partially launched in direct response to the fiat money experiment rearing its ugly head in the subprime mortgage, real estate and eurodollar crises that culminated into what is now known as the Great Financial Crisis of 2007 to 2009.

“??EThe Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks%”

- Satoshi Nakamoto, January 3, 2009

This now infamous inscription in the genesis block made clear the inappropriate fractional reserve banking and predatory loan fiascos of our regulated banking industry was to be put to rest once and for all by this emergent monetary protocol; a completely transparent and decentralized ledger would de-incentivize fraud and prevent obfuscation of illicit activity. A new competitor to the dollar arose from the ashes of the meltdown, and with it, a new standard for financial fairness, complete with predictable issuance, controlled once and for all by the people for the people. Yet in any system made with good intentions, criminals like SBF and his bought-and-paid-for political and media allies manage to find a way to hurt innocent people for the advantage of an unknown few. Like most intriguing stories of fraudulent financial crimes, this one starts in the Bahamas, and ends with a tidal wave of asset liquidations and broken homes.

"Ak si myslíte, že Bahamy zničili váš globálny daňový systém, máte dosť hrozný globálny daňový systém."

- Steven Dean, Summer 2020 [1]

Spustenie Stablecoinu, CBDC Race To The Bottom

Bahamy sa zdajú byť dosť neškodné, a napriek tomu existuje dlhá história vyhýbania sa daniam v USA, doplnená o pašerákov rumov počas éry prohibície. Pokračovaním v tejto tradícii boli karibské bankové centrá vrátane Baham a Kajmanských ostrovov od augusta 2022 štvrtým najväčším zahraničným držiteľom štátnych cenných papierov, len za Japonskom, Čínou a Spojeným kráľovstvom. Krátko po svojom založení FTX plne využívala éru voľných peňazí, ktorá sa začala krachom v roku 2008 a bola podporovaná nízkymi až nulovými úrokovými sadzbami, ktoré priniesla Trumpova administratíva.

These rate cuts were started by the Trump-nominated and Biden-renominated Jerome Powell and were further exacerbated by both of their administrations’ COVID responses. An unprecedented pumping of all things dollar denominated occurred, with real estate, stock indexes, bitcoin and a whole bunch of unregistered securities known as altcoins reaching new highs across the board. In June 2019, one month after the founding of FTX, Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg announced Libra, a digital currency based on a basket of international currencies; a novel take on stablecoins. This launched the stablecoin and CBDC race in earnest, and coincidentally enough, the Central Bank of the Bahamas became the first such institution to announce its own CBDC, the sand dollar, in October 2020. The sand dollar itself was pegged to the Bahamian dollar, which is itself pegged to the United States dollar, and thus with its government-sanctioned launch, the birth of the first central bank-issued stablecoin dollar came to be on the sandy beaches of SBF’s new home.

"What is the reserve currency of the crypto economy going to be? Right now it's unambiguously the USD. And interestingly it's USD whether or not you're looking at the American crypto economy."

- Sam Bankman-Fried, November 5, 2021

Zatiaľ čo americká vláda v tom čase predstierala strach zo systémového rizika, čínska vláda chápala projekt Libra ako backdoor dollarization mien G7, o ktorých sa hovorilo, že budú zahrnuté do jej koša. Tento plán koordinovaného centrálneho bankovníctva, ktorý prevzala spoločnosť Metaverse z Plaza Accord z roku 1985, by rozšíril používateľov siete v USD cez najväčšiu sieť internetu, urýchlenú vysokou rýchlosťou dostupnú v centralizovaných digitálnych platbách a globalizovanú bezhraničným charakterom používateľskej základne Facebooku. .

The digital yuan was trialed in April 2021 with great haste in reaction to this development, and by the Winter Olympics 2022, had launched for foreign attendees in Beijing. Not to be outdone by these new-look, same-shit fiat cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin made its own financial history when President Nayib Bukele of El Salvador took to the stage at Bitcoin 2021 to announce the legal tender aspirations of his small but dollarized nation. On March 9, 2022 President Joe Biden signed Executive Order #14067–”Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets”, which included aspirations for mitigation of financial risks in digital asset markets, as well as a clause stating that within 210 days, the attorney general, in consultation with the secretary of the treasury and the chairman of the Federal Reserve, must provide a formal proposal for a government-issued CBDC.


V tomto bode, Bitcoin financial system had been utterly and properly dollar-ified, with billions of dollars in liquidity of dollar-denominated trading pairs making up the lion’s share of market activity. The same can be said for the Ethereum network, which has seen its compliance-driven perversion by non-native assets taking the wheel from its token Ether, as stablecoin and other dollar derivatives now uphold the majority of economic weight of the system. Both stablecoin giants Circle, issuer of USDC, and Tether came out in support of the merge, further ossifying their stake in the now-nearly-70%-OFAC-compliant blockchain. [2] As of this article’s writing, over 15.5 million ether are currently staked without active withdrawals in the Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain, worth nearly $18 billion dollars.[3] Fortunately for Bitcoin, the consensus weight of its system is not manipulated by user stake, and thus the Bitcoin market has been seemingly unaffected – negatively anyway – by this decade-long development. At least until scammer Do Kwon and his ponzi-scheme Luna wreaked havoc on investors at the start of May of 2022.

"[Crypto je] očividne vážne...chcete to urobiť správne v regulačnom priestore."

- President Bill Clinton, April 27, 2022 (Allegedly) [4]

Nákaza sa šíri

Only a few weeks after SBF hosted a keynote with former U.K. Prime Minister Tony Blair and President Bill Clinton at the FTX-organized Crypto Bahamas conference, one of the largest-ever over-the-counter bitcoin purchases was announced by the LUNA team.

Terraform Labs and the non-profit Luna Foundation Guard, two entities headed by Do Kwon, had begun a campaign to purchase bitcoin as a reserve asset in the event that their algorithmic stablecoin, UST, deviated from its $1 peg. Shortly before their collapse, the plan had ballooned to the lofty goal of stacking over $10 billion in the hardest known digital commodity known to man. This purchase was financed with Three Arrows Capital, or 3AC, and was facilitated by cryptocurrency broker Genesis.

"Terra's remarkable growth has continuously reshaped crypto markets over the last two years”, said Joshua Lim, head of derivatives at Genesis. “Genesis is excited to be a liquidity partner to the Terra ecosystem, connecting it to a broader audience of institutional market participants."

S bitcoin reserves of Luna Foundation Guard totalling 80,394 BTC, valued at over $3.1 billion on May 5, 2022, this purchase placed LFG among the top-10 bitcoin holders in the world. [5] But only for a moment, for while it might feel like a lifetime ago, what happened next should look awfully familiar; the peg was attacked, the recently-purchased bitcoin fortune was liquidated, Binance, led by CEO Changpeng Zhao (CZ), aptly halted all trading on LUNA and UST pairs – with notable exceptions to their own stablecoin BUSD – and Kwon seemingly fled to outside of U.S. jurisdiction to Asia. [6]

Thus begins our first of many repeatable points of inquiry; where exactly did this bitcoin go? According to an audit released in November 2022, over 33,000 bitcoin were transferred to Binance on May 10, 2022, and sold along with other assets while failing to defend the peg. [7] The same day the nearly $1 billion dollars worth of bitcoin hit Binance’s order books, bitcoin’s USD price broke below $30,000, falling from $40,000 just a week before.

13. mája SBF kúpila 7.6% podiel v Robinhood, obchodnej platforme, ktorá sa dostala pod drobnohľad kvôli zastaveniu obchodovania počas fiaska GameStop na začiatku roka 2021. Bloomberg oznámil, že približne 40 % príjmov Robinhood pochádzalo priamo z predaja zákazníckych objednávok firmám ako napr. ako Two Sigma Securities a Citadel Securities. [8] Citadel bola v júli 700,000 potrestaná pokutou 2020 XNUMX USD za predbežné obchody zadané objednávkami zákazníkov a v septembri toho istého roku bol samotný Robinhood vypočúvaný americkou komisiou pre cenné papiere a burzu (SEC) za nesprávne informovanie klientov o predaji obchodov s akciami. známym vysokofrekvenčným obchodným firmám.

Predtým v decembri 2020 spoločnosť Robinhood súhlasila so zaplatením 65 miliónov dolárov za urovnanie obvinení z opakovaných nesprávnych údajov za nezverejnenie potvrdení o platbách od uvedených obchodných firiem. [9] Keď novonominovaná ministerka financií Janet Yellen vo februári 2021 informovala novozvoleného prezidenta Joea Bidena o tomto konflikte záujmov, ona sama musela získať etický výnimku, pretože v roku dostala od Citadel LLC honorár za hovorcov v hodnote najmenej 700,000 10 USD. predchádzajúci. [13] SBF zverejnila túto kúpu prostredníctvom formulára Schedule 648.3-D s SEC, stála 2.8 miliardy dolárov a poskytla mu 11 % hlasovacích práv v ich dvojtriednej štruktúre akcií pod entitou Emergent Fidelity Technologies; názov, o ktorom sa hovorí, že je vygenerovaný náhodne. [XNUMX]

„13. júla Coinbase Exchange zjednotí knihy objednávok v USD a USDC. V rámci procesu zjednotenia budú knihy objednávok USDC zlúčené pod knihy objednávok v USD, aby sa vytvorilo lepšie a bezproblémovejšie obchodovanie s väčšou likviditou pre USD a USDC.

- Coinbase Exchange Twitter, June 29, 2022 [12]

Spoločnosť Circle, subjekt stojaci za čoraz viac využívaným stabilným coinom USDC, už predtým rozšírila svoju medzinárodnú ponuku o dcérsku prevádzku so sídlom na Bermudách oznámením z 22. júla 2019. [13] Tento subjekt bol podaný podľa zákona o podnikaní v oblasti digitálnych aktív z roku 2018 ( „DABA“) znamenalo, že spoločnosť Circle bola prvým veľkým emitentom stablecoinov, ktorý získal licenciu DABA triedy F („plná“), ktorá pokrývala ich operácie úschovy, platobných služieb, výmeny, obchodovania a ďalších finančných služieb v oblasti digitálnych aktív. Ostatní bankoví partneri spoločnosti Circle, Signet, Signature Bank a Silvergate Capital, poskytli pôžičky v USD spoločnostiam Celsius, Voyager, Block Fi, Three Arrows Capital a Alameda Research. V čase, keď bol tento článok napísaný, všetci vyhlásili bankrot. Dve z ich ďalších obchodných pridružených spoločností, Galaxy Digital a Genesis, tiež hlásili masívne straty pri kolapse FTX, pričom sa šuškalo o ďalších účinkoch nákazy. Coinbase, verejne obchodovaná burza pod tickerom $COIN, vo svojom liste akcionárom v Q2 2022 oznámila, že takmer jedna tretina celkových príjmov pochádza z úrokov z držieb denominovaných v USD, vrátane veľkej pozície USDC:

„Výnos z úrokov bol 33 miliónov USD, čo je o 211 % viac v porovnaní s 1. štvrťrokom. Nárast bol spôsobený predovšetkým našou aktivitou USDC, ako aj vyššími úrokovými sadzbami, keďže generujeme úroky z fiatových depozitných fondov zákazníkov... na konci 2. štvrťroka sme mali celkové zdroje USD 6.2 miliardy USD. Okrem toho sme mali krypto aktíva v hodnote 428 miliónov dolárov.“ [14]

Keď bol list zverejnený koncom augusta 2022, úrok z držby USDC za 12 mesiacov bol až 4.7 %, zatiaľ čo jednomesačné výnosy boli dokonca 4 %. Do 16. novembra 2022 klesli výnosy USDC na 0 % vo všetkých časových rámcoch.[15]

"1) Binance converts USDC --> BUSD, and we see the change in supplies. Thus begins the Second Great Stablecoin War.”

- @SBF, October 23, 2022 [16]

Na september 4, 2022, Binance announced that it would be auto-converting all USDC, USDP and TUSD, three major dollar stablecoins, into its self-issued BUSD, effective in just 25 days. [17] This led to continued concerns about Binance’s solvency with the preceding few months, especially July 2022, seeing the largest known outflows of bitcoin in the exchange’s history, eclipsing even March 2020’s black swan bottom.

11. októbra, 216 dní po Bidenovom výkonnom príkaze so spomínanou 210-dňovou doložkou, BNY Mellon, najväčšia depozitná banka na svete s viac ako 43 biliónmi dolárov v účtovníctve, a zhodou okolností aj správca rezerv Circle, ktorý podporuje USDC, oznámila spustenie svojej program úschovy digitálnych aktív. [18] Banka založená prvým tajomníkom ministerstva financií Alexandrom Hamiltonom, ktorá má viac ako 20 % svetových investovateľných aktív, bola tiež uvedená ako partner pilotného projektu FedNow. [19]

Despite these institutional developments, a continued bear market weighed heavily on the now-plummeting bitcoin price. Paradoxically, more and more Bitcoin hash rate poured onto the network. These concurrent movements saw Bitcoin’s hash price plummet to an all-time low, spurring a massive liquidation of bitcoin liabilities off mining operators books. On October 26, Core Scientific, then the largest Bitcoin mining operation in the world, filed for bankruptcy with millions of dollars in debt liabilities, thousands of ASICs, and yet in their filings, held only 24 bitcoin total when the circus came to town. [20] Where exactly did all this bitcoin go? On that same day, barely two weeks before the FTX collapse, Binance saw its largest single day outflow, with 71,579 coins, totalling over $1.1 billion in dollar terms. [21] This pushed net outflows to nearly 95,000 coins from the world’s largest exchange since just that July. Again, where exactly did all this bitcoin go? The very next day, October 27, 2022, SBF appeared on The Big Whale and announced future plans for FTX to launch its very own stablecoin. [22]

Viac piesku ako dolárov

„CIA, Mossad a pedo elita prevádzkujú nejaký druh vydieračského vydierania obchodovania so sexom z Portorika a karibských ostrovov. Chystajú sa mi dať do rámca laptop, ktorý mi nasadil môj bývalý gf, ktorý bol špión. Budú ma mučiť na smrť."

- Nikolai Muchgian, October 28, 2022 [23]

24. októbra 2022 MakerDAO schválil návrh komunity na úschovu takmer 1.6 miliardy USDC s Coinbase Prime. [24] O štyri dni neskôr Nikolai Muchigan, spoluzakladateľ MakerDAO a vynálezca Rai, DAI-fork stablecoinu, tweetoval, že jeho život je v ohrození kvôli vydieračskému kruhu z karibských ostrovov, ktorý údajne podporovali izraelskí a americkí spravodajskí agenti. . O tri dni neskôr, na Halloween, našli mŕtveho 29-ročného kódera Muchigana, ktorý sa utopil v mori pri pláži Condado v Portoriku. [25]

Two days later, on November 2, 2022, CoinDesk reporter Ian Allison released findings that over a third of all assets – around $5.8 billion of $14.6 billion – on the balance sheet of SBF’s Alameda Research was intrinsically, and soon to be fatally, linked to FTX’s exchange token FTT. A “bank” run commenced, and after three days of nearly $6 billion in withdrawals, FTX was left with literally one single bitcoin. Where exactly did all this bitcoin go? The next day in an interview with Fortune, Coinbase founder and CEO Brian Armstrong made note that USDC will become the de facto central bank digital currency in the U.S. [26]

„Tvorcovia politiky v USA nastavia rámec, ktorý je potrebné dodržiavať, aby súkromný trh skutočne vytvoril riešenia, a mince v USD sú na skutočne rýchlom vzostupe... regulačné prostredie je jedným z najväčších odblokov, ktorým sa chystáme. mať, pokiaľ ide o rast tohto odvetvia a možno aj o to, aby sa ceny vrátili späť správnym smerom.“

- Brian Armstrong, November 3, 2022

On November 6, CZ announced Binance would liquidate a remaining portion of FTT it had acquired from exiting FTX’s equity, having received around $2.1 billion in BUSD and FTT. Minutes after his announcement, Caroline Ellison, SBF’s partner and the CEO of Alameda Research, offered to purchase the tokens at $22 each, in an over-the-counter fashion. [27] By November 8, CZ and SBF had a phone call and seemingly came to a tentative deal for acquisition, reserving the right to back out of the deal at any time, while interestingly also leaving both U.S.-based proprietary exchanges, Binance.us and FTX.us, outside the scope of the deal.

“Things have come full circle, and FTX.com’s first, and last, investors are the same: we have come to an agreement on a strategic transaction with Binance for FTX.com (pending DD etc)”, SBF tweeted. [28]

Neskôr v ten večer FTX oficiálne pozastavila všetky výbery aktív. V rámci podmienok akvizície bol SBF nútený otvoriť knihy FTX a ukázať spodok svojich vreciek; vidiac viac piesku ako dolárov, CZ od zmluvy odstúpila. Počas približne 48 hodín bolo urobených niekoľko dôležitých vyhlásení, ktoré viedli k tejto náhlej kataklizme, a to aj od samotnej strašne tichej americkej Komisie pre cenné papiere a burzy.

“Liquidating our FTT is just post-exit risk management, learning from LUNA. We gave support before, but we won't pretend to make love after divorce. We are not against anyone. But we won't support people who lobby against other industry players behind their backs. Onwards.”

- CZ, November 6, 2022 [29]

7. novembra 2022 SEC oficiálne považovala LBRY alebo Library Coin za neregistrovanú bezpečnostnú ponuku, čím vytvorila zničujúci precedens na celom rozšírenom trhu s kryptomenami. [30] Na Okresnom súde Spojených štátov amerických pre okres New Hampshire memorandum a príkaz znejú takto: „Komisia pre cenné papiere a burzu (SEC) tvrdí, že spoločnosť LBRY, Inc. ponúkala a predávala neregistrované cenné papiere v rozpore s oddielom 5 cenných papierov. Zákon z roku 1933“, zákon hovorovo známy ako Howeyho test.

Vzhľadom na to, že si LBRY rezervovala predťažbu takmer 400 miliónov tokenov LBC, a vzhľadom na to, že spoločnosť do dnešného dňa minula približne polovicu svojich vopred vyťažených LBC, SEC určila spoločný podnik s nedostatočným zverejnením a riadnym podaním svojich teraz údajná ponuka bezpečnosti prostredníctvom požadovaných kanálov v SEC, ktorej predsedá Gary Gensler. Dôsledky tohto podania vyvolali otrasy v celom odvetví vopred vyťažených tokenov vrátane búrz, ktoré tieto tokeny uvádzajú, ako aj subjekty stojace za ich vydaním. Je vhodné, že nasledujúci deň bol 8. november, v Spojených štátoch sa konali strednodobé voľby, pričom v stávke bola opäť rovnováha senátu a snemovne – a možno aj regulačná cesta priemyslu digitálnych aktív.

Vyhľadávanie FTX na FEC.gov prináša 456 individuálnych príspevkov do kampane od SBF, generálneho riaditeľa Ryana Salamea a ďalších. [31] Salameho príspevky celkovo presahujú 14 miliónov dolárov na kandidátov GOP, zatiaľ čo „efektívny altruizmus“ SBF prispel cez 20 miliónov dolárov v daroch politikom DNC. Keďže bol druhým hlavným darcom kampane Bidena, v čase, keď sa prihlásili konečné výsledky z volebnej noci, bankroll SBF konečne dobehol jeho morálku a on sa ocitol takmer úplne v bankrote.

By November 9, the day after the elections, SBF had reportedly lost 94% of his net worth, down to $1 billion from more than $15 billion, leaving him with the largest single-day loss by a person according to the Bloomberg Billionaire Index. [32] Early in the morning of November 10, SBF took to Twitter to explain what happened, writing “I'm sorry. That's the biggest thing. I fucked up, and should have done better”, before making a specific note that “THIS IS ALL ABOUT FTX INTERNATIONAL, THE NON-US EXCHANGE. FTX US USERS ARE FINE!” [33]

Kapitola 11

“The administration [...] has consistently maintained that without proper oversight, cryptocurrencies risk harming everyday Americans…The most recent news further underscores these concerns and highlights why prudent regulation of cryptocurrencies is indeed needed.”

- White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre, November 10, 2022 [34]

Jedenásty deň jedenásteho mesiaca FTX a Alameda Research oficiálne požiadali o bankrotovú ochranu podľa kapitoly 11 a SBF odstúpil z funkcie generálneho riaditeľa. Okrem toho 130 pridružených spoločností spojených alebo spojených s FTX tiež začalo dobrovoľné konanie podľa kapitoly 11. [35] Príliv sa vytratil a takmer všetci zainteresovaní boli prichytení pri plávaní nahí, keď sa takmer nekonečná vlna likvidácií v dolároch uskutočnila. rýchla práca karibského impéria SBF.

Zatiaľ čo prvé kvapôčky dolárového CBDC sa mohli začať na Bahamách, monzún prichádzajúcej regulácie a nákazy Druhej Veľkej Stablecoinovej vojny sa ani zďaleka neskončil. Dolár, ktorý od septembra klesol o 10 % z 35-ročných maxím DXY, hľadá nové spôsoby, ako inovovať a ďalej dolárovať trhy na celom svete.

On November 15, just four days after the SBF tsunami crashed to shore, BNY Mellon, as well as a dozen or so other banking institutions, announced the start of a twelve-week digital dollar pilot program with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. [36] On the very same day, BlockFi announced plans for bankruptcy filings, only five months after taking a $250 million loan from FTX, and Circle announced users would now be able to settle payments by accepting Apple Pay. [37,38] With a significant 43% discount now showing on the highly-regulated Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, further community requests for proof of reserves are growing around Genesis and Grayscale, both owned by the Digital Currency Group, and even their custodian, Coinbase Custody. [39,40] As of this writing, these requests have so far been denied for security reasons.

Aj keď sa zdá, že sa vezie na vlne prekvitajúcej revolúcie digitálnych aktív a získava podporu celebrít a politických spojencov, ukázalo sa, že SBF sa medzi hlasnými, mainstreamovými chválami topí v dlhoch a nesprávnej alokácii kapitálu. Neskôr v tom istom mesiaci, 30. novembra, sa SBF mala osobne objaviť na podujatí New York Times, ktoré sponzorovala spoločnosť Accenture, spolu s tajomníčkou Yellen, generálnym riaditeľom spoločnosti Meta Markom Zuckerbergom, ukrajinským prezidentom Volodymyrom Zelenským, generálnym riaditeľom BlackRock Larrym Finkom, generálnym riaditeľom TikTok Shou Chewom, bývalý viceprezident Michael Pence, generálny riaditeľ Amazonu Andy Jassy, ​​spoluzakladateľ a generálny riaditeľ Netflixu Reed Hastings, starosta New Yorku Eric Adams a ďalší; vstupenky na podujatie boli uvedené na 2,499 41 USD na účastníka.[XNUMX] Rozhovor medzi SBF a Andrewom Rossom Sorkinom bol vysielaný ako inzerovaný, aj keď obe strany strieľali na diaľku.

Bitcoin tends to be a ballast of truth, bringing all sorts of ballooning fraud rushing to the surface. FTX and Alameda Research will take their place amongst the seemingly too-big-to-sink players that ended up doing just that. They will certainly not be the last. However the following weeks, months, and years play out, it is clear that SBF was but a small fish in an ocean-sized, dollarized pond. And as he quickly found out, there is always a bigger fish.

"V určitom bode by som mohol povedať viac o konkrétnom sparing partnerovi, takpovediac." Ale viete, sklenené domy. Takže zatiaľ poviem len: dobre zahrané; vyhral si." [42]

– Sam Bankman-Fried, 10. novembra 2022

POZNÁMKY NA KONIEC:

[1]https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2021/06/24/in-the-1930s-the-bahamas-became-a-tax-problem-for-treasury/

[2]https://fortune.com/2022/08/09/stablecoins-circle-tether-support-ethereum-merge-proof-of-stake

[3]https://ethereumprice.org/eth-2-deposits/

[4]https://www.msn.com/en-us/entertainment/entertainment-celebrity/inside-bahamas-crypto-festival-where-ftx-ceo-bankman-fried-welcomed-bill-clinton-and-katy-perry/

[5]https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/luna-foundation-now-holds-more-bitcoin-than-tesla

[6]https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/binance-remove-trading-pairs-ftx-114338983.html

[7]https://lfg.org/audit/LFG-Audit-2022-11-14.pdf&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1668725884650403&usg=AOvVaw22nNl-O_mnhcT8MxsEtEiX

[8]https://www.truthorfiction.com/does-citadel-own-robinhood/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1668980992263700&usg=AOvVaw31decanIMGsjR2r2ceb0sP

[9]https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-321

[10]https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/02/treasury-secretary-janet-yellen-to-call-regulator-meeting-on-gamestop-volatility-seeks-ethics-waiver.html

[11] https://www.axios.com/2022/05/13/what-does-sam-bankman-fried-want-with-robinhood

[12]https://twitter.com/CoinbaseExch/status/1542270332299579396?s=20&t=3qAy3oJqtmMnLdfwk-JTJA

[13]https://www.circle.com/blog/circle-expands-international-offerings-with-new-bermuda-operations-and-digital-assets-business-license

[14]https://s27.q4cdn.com/397450999/files/doc_financials/2022/q2/Q2-2022-Shareholder-Letter.pdf

[15]https://www.circle.com/en/usdc-yield#start

[16]https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX/status/1584077423280521216?s=20&t=UB_GcB9mjBRJtNS8sS4RJQ

[17]https://www.binance.com/en/support/announcement/binance-to-auto-convert-usdc-usdp-tusd-to-busd-binance-usd-e62f703604a94538a1f1bc803b2d579f

[18]https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/bny-mellon-launches-new-digital-asset-custody-platform-301645324.html

[19]https://www.frbservices.org/financial-services/fednow/community/news/012521-announcing-pilot-program-participants.html

[20]https://www.forbes.com/sites/rosemariemiller/2022/10/27/core-scientific-unable-to-pay-bills-warns-of-bankruptcy/

[21]https://bitcoinke.io/2022/11/largest-bitcoin-outflow-on-binance/

[22]https://finance.yahoo.com/news/sbf-ftx-stablecoin-second-great-055956820.html

[23]https://twitter.com/delete_shitcoin/status/1585918718088970241

[24]https://www.coinbase.com/blog/coinbase-launches-usdc-institutional-rewards-program-with-makerdao

[25]https://www.trustnodes.com/2022/10/31/etherean-nikolai-muchgian-dead-by-drowning

[26]https://fortune.com/crypto/2022/11/03/coinbase-ceo-says-usdc-will-become-de-facto-cbdc/

[27]https://twitter.com/carolinecapital/status/1589287457975304193

[28]https://www.binance.com/en/news/flash/7268278

[29]https://twitter.com/cz_binance/status/1589374530413215744

[30]https://odysee.com/@lbry:3f/secvslbrysummaryjudgementruling:a

[31]https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?contributor_employer=FTX

[32]https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/09/business/sam-bankman-fried-wealth-ftx-ctrp/index.html

[33]https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX/status/1590709166515310593

[34]https://cointelegraph.com/news/white-house-says-prudent-regulation-of-cryptocurrencies-is-needed-hinting-at-situation-with-ftx

[35]https://cryptopotato.com/ftx-and-alameda-file-for-bankruptcy-sbf-resigns-as-ceo/

[36]https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/digital-dollar-wall-street-banks-new-york-fed-ftx-crash-2022-11?miRedirects=1&op=1

[37]https://www.businessinsider.com/blockfi-ftx-bankruptcy-crypto-lender-emergency-loan-pausing-withdrawals-2022-11?op=1

[38]https://www.circle.com/blog/apple-pay-is-now-available-on-circle

[39]https://news.yahoo.com/grayscale-bitcoin-trust-hits-record-132435240.html

[40]https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-news-today-11-18-2022/card/coinbase-vouches-for-grayscale-investments-products-yA5vzaPEIvaOr7Ffj2GE

[41]https://www.nytco.com/press/the-new-york-times-to-host-annual-dealbook-summit-on-nov-30/

[42]https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX/status/1590709197502812160

Originálny zdroj: Bitcoin časopis