Avtor ZyCrypto - pred 2 leti - Čas branja: 2 minuti
NBER Study Reveals Bitcoin Is Over Concentrated And Vulnerable To A 51% Attack
To razkriva nova študija Bitcoin is concentrated in the hands of a few whales.The research goes on to reveal that Bitcoin miners are heavily concentrated and leave the network susceptible to a 51% attack. The largest BTC whales include MicroStrategy, Satoshi Nakamoto, Micree Zhan, and the Winklevoss twins.Ena od prodajnih točk Bitcoin is the extent of its decentralization over traditional financial systems. A recent study by the National Bureau of Economic Research reveals that the network might not be as decentralized as we think.
Nekaj rok, veliko BTC
An in-depth study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, (NBER) has revealed that the bulk of Bitcoins is owned by a few individuals. The research team utilized a methodology that involved splitting addresses between intermediaries and individuals, which generated interesting results despite the difficulty of the undertaking.
Študija je pokazala, da 10,000 denarnic nadzoruje več kot 6,000,000 BTC, kar je tretjina vse kriptovalute v obtoku. Z nadaljnjim preiskovanjem je NBER odkril, da ima vodilnih 1,000 vlagateljev v lasti okoli 3,000,000 BTC, pri čemer so se meritve močno skoncentrirale naprej na lestvici.
"Ta meritev koncentracije je najverjetneje podcenjena, saj ne moremo izključiti, da nekatere največje naslove nadzoruje isti subjekt," so povedali raziskovalci. “Our results suggest that despite the significant attention that Bitcoin has received over the years, the Bitcoin ecosystem is still dominated by large and concentrated players, be it large miners, Bitcoin holders or exchanges.”
Trend koncentracije je bilo mogoče odkriti tudi med rudarji kriptovalut, kjer je vodilnih 10 % rudarjev predstavljalo 90 % ustvarjanja sredstev, medtem ko je bil le delček odgovoren za 50 %. Kljub navidezno decentralizirani naravi omrežja študija NBER daje drugačno sliko.
Slaba stran velike koncentracije rudarjev v skladu s študijo je dovzetnost za 51-odstotni napad na omrežje. Ta vrsta napada se zgodi, ko napadalec pridobi večinski nadzor nad močjo zgoščevanja blockchaina.
Največji Bitcoin Whales And Miners
Although it’s hard to tell who the largest holders of Bitcoin are, some entities stand out from the pack as the biggest whales. For organizations, MicroStrategy is the largest entity with an estimated 111,042 BTC that has a value of over $6 billion and shows no signs of slowing down on acquisitions.
Bitcoin’s founder, Satoshi Nakamoto is said to have over 1 million BTC in his possession which would make him the largest whale. Other noteworthy individuals include the Winklevoss brothers, Barry Silbert, Tim Draper, Michael Novogratz, and Micree Zhan, the owner of Bitmain.
Prior to China’s cryptocurrency crackdown, the country accounted for over 50% of Bitcoin’s hash rate but with the tide turning, America now has the highest concentration of Bitcoin rudarji. Kazakhstan and Russia come in second and third place.
Izvorni vir: ZyCrypto