The Pre-Bitcoin Nhoroondo Yaunofanira Kuziva: Basic Cash Versus Fiduciary Media

By Bitcoin Magazini - 1 gore rapfuura - Nguva yekuverenga: maminitsi matatu
Tue, Jun 24, 2022 2:00 AM

The Pre-Bitcoin Nhoroondo Yaunofanira Kuziva: Basic Cash Versus Fiduciary Media

Bitcoin, nepo mari yepamusoro iripo ikozvino, ishanduko pane izvo zvakatoshandiswa nenzanga - asi chii chinonzi mari?

Iyi ipfungwa yekunyora naMatthew Mezinskis, mugadziri we "Crypto Voices" podcast uye Porkopolis Economics.

Tora nguva yekufunga kuti wanga watora nguva yakareba sei Bitcoin. Zvino tora imwe kuti uzvibvunze kuti zvingani zvinyorwa pamusoro pemari zvawakaverenga munzira; Uye kwete chete izvo zvepakati-ye-kuchinjana kana chitoro-che-kukosha zvidimbu. Funga nezve philosophizing diatribes inoreva kuratidza zvisinganzwisisike zvinoreva kuti "mari" chii. Uye ipapo iyo yekupedzisira twist, inoita sei Bitcoin kwana? Mazwi mazhinji akanyorwa na Bitcoiners, vazhinji ne vadzivisi vayo. Kubva pa "social contract" uye "chimwe chinhu chatinobvumirana tese," dzidziso kusvika ku "transaction currency" uye iyo inonyanya kukosha "kapu yekofi" dimikira, munhu wese anogara aine chekutaura pamusoro pemari, uye nekudaro nei kana kuti nei Bitcoin.

Zvakadini nezvinorehwa nekudyara? Zvakadini nekutakura kukosha kwezvibereko zvebasa rako - mari yako yaunochengeta - kupfuura nguva? Dzimwe nguva vanhu vanonyora pamusoro pemari yakanaka, dzimwe nguva vanonyora pamusoro pemari yakaipa. Uye kuti tirege kukanganwa anofarira fan - kusambove kushomeka kwekutaura pane izvi, iyo mari inodhinda inoenda "brrrr" uye zvazvinoreva kuhupfumi hwedu. Kune zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinonyura pamari gore rega rega kupfuura misika yeKisimusi muVienna.

Ichi chidimbu chinonongedzwa kubva kumunyori wega wekutsvaga mari, inoburitswa mwedzi wega wega, iyo inoteedzera kupihwa uye kukura kwehwaro mari munyika.

Ndichaedza kukuunzira chimwe chinhu chakasiyana pano. Handei nazvo zvakananga. Munda wezvehupfumi watove nechikamu, a systemized classification, yerudzii rwe "mari" Bitcoin is. Ini ndichakuudza izvozvi kuti chii, asi iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa, iyo backstory pano ine zviuru zvemakore.

Wakagadzirira? Vanoidana kuti "mari ine simba guru" kuMadokero. Inonzi "kuchengetedza mari" muEast. Nhoroondo, inowanzonzi "base mari." Muhurongwa hwezvemari hwepasi rose nhasi, tinoidaidza kuti "hwaro hwemari."

Hezvo izvo. Ndiyo mhando ipi mari Bitcoin ndizvo, uye ndiyo mhando ye kugadzirisa kunoitika kana bitcoin inotengesa maoko, kana maUTXO aparadzwa uye agadzirwa patsva. Ndiyo iyo economic label iyo inopindirana zvachose izvo Bitcoin network iripo uye kuti inoita sei.

Mari yekutanga inzira inogamuchirwa yekutsinhana. Chokwadi. Asi zvakare, irwo rudzi rwakasiyana rwechinyorwa. Chii chinonzi mari chaiyo uye nei ichikosha inyaya yandiri kuda kukuudza pano.

Nhoroondo, kwave kune nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzekutanga mari:

Ichi chinyorwa chikamu I cheII. Pano muchikamu ini tichatarisa pagoridhe nesirivha. MuChikamu chechipiri tichagadzirisa mari chaiyo, iyo fiat cash banknotes. Bitcoin, sezvazvinofanira kuva, zvichasaswa kwose kwose.

Chii Base Mari Haisi

Kuongorora uku kuchave kuri nyore kana tikatanga kubva kune rimwe divi. Tichasvika kune izvo. Asi kuti titange ngatitarise zvese zviri mufinancial system isiri mari yekutanga.

Chii chisiri mari yekutanga? Basic cash haisi chero nzira yekutsinhana inodzorwa kana kupihwa nemumwe munhu. Kana paine murevereri anobatanidzwa - bhanga kana sangano rezvemari - saka unogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvauri kutamba nazvo hazvisi mari.1 Imwe nzira yekuziva izvi ndeye kana uine "akaundi" nemumwe munhu. Chero ani zvake. Chero mupi webasa rezvemari. Une account nebhanga here? Zvino chero chirimo haisi mari yekutanga.

Kurudyi, mimwe mienzaniso: MaBritish neAmerica masisitimu agara ari mafeni echeki yemapepa. Uye ini ndinotoziva zvauri kufunga. Kunze kwekuve chikumbiro chekubiridzira (iwe unoziva, nezita rako rizere, kero, uye account nhamba yakaroverwa pazviri), nei ndichifanira kuita hanya nezve cheki nhasi? Zvakanaka, ndiri kutaura nyaya nezve mari nemabhangi pano, saka ingoziva kuti cheki dzakamboshanda basa rakakosha mukubhadhara, uye dzakabatsira mukukura kwehupfumi hwekumavirira, paive ne zero kana kusununguka kutariswa kwebhangi repakati. Cheki inzira chaiyo, yakadzama kupfuura yaanoita - zvakatonyanya kupfuura mabhengi pachawo - maererano nehunyanzvi mune mari. Sevanyori venhoroondo dzezvemari Dr. Stephen Quinn naDr. George Selgin have noted, "notsi dzevatakuri dzaive 'musika wekutengesa' 1694 isati yasvika, macheki aive kusvika panguva iyoyo yaive nzira inonyanya kukosha yekuendesa dhipoziti." Zvisinei, dzokera kune icho chinhu chacho. Funga nezvazvo. Chii chimwe chakanyorwa pacheki? Zita remubhadharo? Chokwadi. Asi chii chimwezve? Ndiani akapa cheki iyoyo? Ndiani chaizvoizvo akauya nechinhu chacho? Pane institution inobatanidzwa here?

Ibhangi rako, hongu.

Asi ndiudze zvakadaro. Yaiva pfungwa yaani yekukupa macheki iwayo? Zvine basa here kuti mabhuku echeki akakura sei? Ndiani anosarudza kuti cheki yakaita sei? Panofanira kunge paine huwandu chaihwo hwecheki idzo bhangi rega rega rinopa vatengi varo? Pane cheki commissar agere mumasisita yega yega, padivi pameya, achichengeta macheki anomhanya nemuguta? Ndiri kureva kuti tichiri kutaura nezve mari pano, uye cheki dzave kushandiswa kwemazana emakore ... saka zvinhu izvi zvinofanirwa kufambiswa nehurumende, handiti?

Kwete.

Chaizvo zero vanhu vakaudza vemabhangi kuti vangani macheki avanogona kana kuti vanofanira kuburitsa, uye hapana anoziva (chaiyo) mhinduro kune izvi muunganidzwa. Zvese izvi zvichiri kutarisirwa sezvazvaive makore mazana maviri apfuura, mumusika wakasununguka, uko vatengi vanovimba nemabhangi avo (avo varevereri) kubvisa cheki pakati peumwe neumwe, kuitira kuti munhu wese abhadhare uye afambise kukura kwehupfumi.

Saka ndicho cheki. Zvechokwadi haisi mari yekutanga.

Zvakadini nemakadhi ekubhengi? Ini ndichakupa iwe muverengi anodiwa, bhenefiti yekusahadzika nemuenzaniso wechipiri uyu, wawakatofungidzira kuti midziyo yemari iyi zvakare, kwete mari yekutanga. Zvakadaro zvakare zvakapihwa nebhangi, zvinhu izvi zviri pachena kune vamwe vanhu; mahotera saivo uye anga aripo kubva kuma1950 uye mambakwedza ekubhengi kwemagetsi ... asi iwo macheki epurasitiki anogona kushandiswa zvakare, uye anojekesa nekukurumidza. Uye hongu, hapana akaudza mabhangi kuti vangani vatengi, kana rudzi rwevatengi, rwekuvapa. Iyo nzira yakave yakaganhurwa, kwemakumi emakore.

(Cherechedza, makadhi echikwereti chikara chakasiyana chaizvo pane makadhi ekubhengi, uye nenzira yakakosha yezvehupfumi kana zvasvika pamari, asi hapana nguva yekuti pano. Zvakadaro, makadhi echikwereti haasi mari yekutanga.)

Chii chinotevera? Chii chimwe chaunoshandisa kubhadhara zvinhu? Ingangove nguva yekutaura nezve mobile apps uye online banking. Zvichida chokwadi chekuti zvinhu izvi ndezvako zvemadhijitari-saka vanogona kurongedza semari yekutanga? Rangarira matauriro ekutaura - kiyi ndeyekuti wechitatu arikumhanyisa show yechigadzirwa ichi.

Mumwe muenzaniso wekushandisa maapplication ekutenga ndeye Apple Pay. Saka ndizvo ... Apple, handiti? Goldman Sachs, chaizvoizvo (ha-ha). Chero nzira, yechitatu-bato institution iri kukupa icho chigadzirwa, saka haisi mari yekutanga. Zvakafanana zvinoenda kuPayPal, Venmo, Skrill, Revolut, Wise, Paysera uye mamwe ese epamhepo-chete mabhengi maapplication nemaakaundi. Uye chokwadi, iwe haudi chaizvo a bhangi account kushandisa marudzi aya emasevhisi. Kunyangwe ingori kambani yekugadzirisa kubhadhara, iyo ichiri yechitatu bato rinopa iwo maakaundi. Zvinoreva kuti ese aya madhijitari ekubhadhara sarudzo haisati iri mari yekutanga.

Saka ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru, patinofunga nezvekubhadhara (stablecoins - tichasvika ikoko!). Iwe unogona kunzwisisa kuti, kunze kwecheki chaiyo uye makadhi pachawo, kunze kwezviridzwa, zvese izvi zviri pakupera kwezuva zvakabatanidzwa kuaccount yako yekutarisa kana dhipoziti account. Zvekare, ngatisiyei makadhi echikwereti padivi izvozvi, ndinoziva kuti pane kupindirana mune izvi zvigadzirwa. Ivo vakatonyanya kure "mari". Asi isu tinewo mamwe marudzi e "akaunti" muhurongwa hwemari iyo isina anonzwisisa.

Imwe iakaundi yekuchengetedza. Ichi chaimbova chinhu chaicho. Maakaundi ekuchengeta anoshandiswa (uye mune dzimwe nyika achiri kuita) ane zvirambidzo zvakawanda zvekubvisa pane kutarisa maakaundi. Mukudzoka kweizvi iwe waizogamuchira yakakwira mubereko pamari yako yakaiswa ipapo. Hazvina kudaro nhasi.

Isu tinewo madhipoziti maakaundi enguva, ayo ave achine zvimwe zvirambidzo zvekubvisa uye anobhadhara kunyange mubereko wakakwira kupfuura kuchengetedza. Zvekare, chero mari yekutanga imomo? Kwete.

Tine zvimwe zviridzwa zvekare zvechikoro semari yemusika wemari. Izvi hazviwanzo kupihwa inishuwarenzi nehurumende, zvinofanirwa kubhadhara chimbadzo chepamusoro pane kutarisa madhipoziti uye kutengeserana zvakanyanya sestock (chikamu chimwe chinofanira kunge chiri chakatenderedza imwe yemuno mari unit) kana uchida kuiwana. Base money? Zvakare, zvirokwazvo, kwete.

Saka ngatitarisei, uye ndapota cherechedza kuti izvi zvinoshanda zvisinei nekutengesa kana masangano:

Hongu, ndinovimba icho chaive chiitiko-chisina zvibereko mukumhanyisa kuburikidza nemidziyo yese yemari isiri mari yekutanga asi ichiri kushandiswa kubhadhara. Uye kwechinguva ikozvino ungangodaro wanga uchibvunza, "Saka, kana isiri mari yepasi, saka zvinhu zvese izvi zvakashata zvinonzi chii?!"

Pindura: Fiduciary media.

Iri izwi rakakosha. Zvakakosha. Uye inonyanya kunzwisisika yemazita. Handisi kukukumbira kuti uve nyanzvi yezvehupfumi pano - ndapota usadaro - asi chandinovimba unoziva ndechekuti zvinhu zvese zvatinofunga nezvazvo uye kushandisa se "mari" muhurongwa hwedu hwemari hwazvino hunodaidzwa kunzi. fiduciary media.

Kureva. Iye IOU. Zviri a chiratidzo.

Imari mune "mari" pfungwa, asi haisi mari mu "base mari" pfungwa.

"Zvakare, chii?"

Zvinoreva izvozvo. Fiduciary media haisi mari yekutanga, uye kana iwe uine chirevo chakadaro, hauna mari yako! Asi kana iwe uchibata kudai, iwe haubati "hapana." Iyi fiduciary media inogona uye inotenderera yakasununguka uye inoshandiswa kubhadhara.

Bitcoin, Muchidimbu

Kana ndakakubvunza ikozvino, ndizvo bitcoin base mari, ungati kudii? Haisi mubvunzo wekunyengera. Usafunga zvakawanda.

Ndinovimba wapindura ehe. Bitcoin haina kupihwa nevechitatu mapato. Kuti ndiiwane, kuibata, ini handidi wechitatu bato zvachose. Ndaigona zvangu. Ndaigona kuzvishandira, kuzviwana; kana zvakadaro, hongu, mushandirwi wangu ndewechitatu, asi isu hatingade bhangi rakavimbika kuti tibhadhare. The native unit bitcoin, kuenzana chero nhamba ye UTXOs, usavimbe nechero fiduciary chero. Icho chinhu chega chega chaunogona kuwana uye kubata wega, Chisingade mvumo, hapana murevereri. Zvakadini nevacheri vakuru vemigodhi, kunyange zvakadaro? Vacheri vanopa basa mukugadzira zvidhinha, uye mari yavo muhuwandu inodhura nhasi, asi kudhura uku hakufaniri kufungidzirwa se "kunodiwa" nehurongwa. Kana vese vashandi vemumugodhi vakaenda, kunetsa kwaizogadzirisa, uye kuwana vatsva bitcoin chingava chirevo “chisingadhure” pane zvachiri nhasi.

Asi crucially, kunze bitcoin, chinhu chose zvimwe munyika yezvemari inotsanangurwa pamusoro apa ndeye fiduciary media. Zvakanaka kudana iyo mari, asi kana iwe uchida kuziva chaizvo kuti chii mune zvehupfumi pfungwa, inongonzi fiduciary media. Kana iwe wakamirira pamuhoro wako kuti uiswe zvakananga muakaundi yako yebhangi, kana wakamirira cheki kuti ubvise kubva kuaccount yako kuenda kune wako anobhadhara (chaizvo, uchiri?), saka wakamirira pane imwe nguva. murevereri wezvemari kuti akumiririre. Iwe uri kushandisa fiduciary media kugadzirisa zvikwereti uye kubhadhara.

Asi Sei Fiduciary Media?

"Saka mateki endarira: Uri kuti fiduciary media yakaipa here?"

Kwete.

"Uri kuti i fraud here?"

Kwete.

"Uri kuti zvinokonzeresa kuti zvinhu zvakaipa zviitike muhupfumi?"

Zvakadaro hapana.

"Asi urikuti fiduciary media imhando yemari?"

Hongu.

"Uye zvinotonyanya kukosha, fiduciary media haisi mari yakakosha?"

Ehe.

Mukutaura kwangu kwese pamari, ndinoona mapoinzi ari pamusoro akaomesesa grok. Ndinozviwana. Mumaitiro ako emazuva ese, chaunonyanya kufarira ndechekuti kadhi, cheki kana yekubhengi app inotaridzika uye maitiro. Unoda kuti ishande. Fine. Asi mibvunzo yakakosha yandinoda kuti uzvibvunze mushure mekuverenga iyi yakaita senge, "Ndiani akapa kadhi rako?" "Ndiani akakupa account yako?" "Ndiani akakuitira muripo iwoyo?" "Mutariri wako ndiani?" Izvi zvinotungamira kune iyo inonyanya kukosha divi-chinoti kuti, if zvinhu izvi hazvina kuvimbiswa nehurumende, waizopedza nguva yakawanda - sezvaunofanirwa - uchiongorora bhangi rako sezvawaizoita mugadziri wemotokari yako kana home muvaki.

Kana iwe uchigona kufunga nezvezviridzwa izvi mumashoko aya, saka iwe wakunda muhondo yemari yako, uye iwe unoziva zvakawanda pamusoro pemari kupfuura vazhinji vehupfumi. Izvo hazvina kunyanya kuoma kupfuura izvi kana zvasvika kune iyo fiduciary media is uye base mari haisi.

Nezve "nei" yefiduciary media, izvi zvinofanirwa kuzviratidza. Chinangwa chefiduciary media ndeichi: Masangano anoburitsa zvirevo izvi (vakaita izvi kwemazana emakore, ita kudaro nhasi uye uchaita mangwana) nekuti fiduciary media ine. nguva dzose yakanyatsoshanda kupfuura mari yekutanga. Inobvumira kukura kwakanyatsoita, kuyera kubhadhara muhupfumi, kunyange zvakadaro uku uchiwedzera chimwe chinodiwa chekuvimba mune wechitatu bato.

"Mira zvakadaro, une chokwadi chekuti fiduciary media haikonzerese kuti zvinhu zvakaipa zviitike muhupfumi?"

Hongu ndine chokwadi, asi senguva dzose, iyo asterisk hombe ndeiyi: Chero bedzi mabhanga makuru asingabatanidzi. Tichadzoka kune izvi muPart 2.

Zvinonyanya kutora pari zvino ndezvekuti fiduciary media haisi mari yekutanga, fiduciary media yakanakira kubhadhara, uye zvakare haina kushata, kana hunyengeri.

Base Money

Saka kana uri kushandisa cheki kana purasitiki kana zvakaenzana nedhijitari pafoni yako, yakapihwa uye inotungamirwa nebhangi rakazvimiririra, saka uri kushandisa fiduciary media. Iwe hausi kushandisa mari yekutanga. Mushure mezvose izvo, ini ndichaedza uye kuchengeta izvi zvipfupi kuti chii chinonzi mari - munhoroondo kutaura.

Kana iwe ukangofungidzira kuti mari yekutanga ingave yakapesana neyefiduciary media, fungidziro iyi ichakuswededza pedyo. Ndedzipi mhando dzemari dzatinadzo mumusika dzisiri kutungamirwa ne (monopolized) wechitatu bato? Ndeapi marudzi emari zvinhu zvekupedzisira kugadzirisa, kwausingafanirwe kuvimba nemumwe munhu kuti agadzirise? Ndeupi rudzi rwemari inopihwa nemusika, nekuda kwekuda kwayo kuchengetwa sechitoro chekukosha uye yepakati yekutsinhana?

Nhoroondo yakangoratidza nzira mbiri dzenguva refu dzemari inokosha. Imwe isirivha, uye imwe igoridhe. Ava havasi vaviri chete. Mamwe mabhomba (kunyanya cowrie shells uye wampum) yakauya pedyo mune dzimwe nguva nenzvimbo, asi haina kuitika pasi rose, kana kuratidza kuti inogara kwenguva refu. Nick Szabo ane zvakanyorwa zvinoshamisa nezve nhoroondo yemabhero nemateko semari yechinyakare, zvichiratidza basa rakakosha rakaitwa nemamireniya akaunganidzwa aya.

Aristotle ane mukurumbira wax pamari yekutanga, mukuti inofanirwa kuve yakasimba, inotakurika, fungible (inopatsanurika) uye ine kukosha mukati uye yega, yakazvimirira pane chero chimwe chinhu. (Aive, zvinosuruvarisa, mumwe wevazhinji vanofunga munhoroondo yese vaive nedambudziko nepfungwa yekufarira, vachiidaidza "zvisizvo,” izvo zvakatsausa zvisingaverengeki, kunyange nanhasi.)

Nhoroondo inoratidza kuti simbi idzi dzine hunhu uhwu, zvisinei nemadhigirii akasiyana.

Ndarama nesirivheri ndiyo yakadzama, yakadzikama, uye yakanyorwa nyaya dzemari yakawana kutorwa kwepasirese. Nekuda kwemari inoenda, sirivha yakagara ichinyorwa munhoroondo seyekutanga mufambisi kubva panguva dzekare, uye goridhe rakasimuka kuita mukurumbira gare gare, zvingangoita kubva munguva dzekare.

Asi Nei Base Mari?

Kuverenga kwangu nhoroondo nezve "nei" yemari yekutanga kune zvakapetwa kaviri. Zvikonzero zviviri izvi zvakashanda mumazana emakore uye ese ari maviri achiri kushanda nanhasi. Nekudaro, zvichienderana nekwaunogara (zvichida nyika yekuMadokero kana uchiri kunetseka kuverenga ichi Chirungu), zvikonzero zviviri izvi zvinogona kunge zvisiri pachena.

Chikonzero chekutanga mari yekutanga inodiwa panguva ye "isina-yemunharaunda" mamiriro ekutengeserana. Iwe, sebato rimwe rechibvumirano, ungasazomboona mumwe wako zvakare, uye iwe unoda mari usati waenderera mberi. Tora mutengesi wezvinonhuhwirira wekuEurope muEast Indies kana mutengesi werum kuMadokero. Kana chibvumirano chapera, ari kudzokera muchikepe chake kuenda kuSpain kana kuHolland, uye nepamusoro-soro haazoona vanhu ava zvakare kusvika mwaka unotevera, kana zvakadaro. Anofanira kugadzirisa dhiri asati abva pachiteshi. Pinda goridhe nesirivha. Chimiro chepasi rose chekuchinjana chinoshanda kunze kwenyika, uye chinoshanda pa home. Zviripachena, chibvumirano chose hachidi kuitwa 100% mugoridhe; inogona kunge iri 80% muzvinhu, uyezve 20% yakagara mugoridhe kana sirivheri pamucheto. An early chikamu papodcast yedu naDr. George Selgin vanovhara chiitiko ichi zvakanaka.

Chechipiri chikonzero chakakosha chemari yakakosha ichitoro chekukosha basa. Asi kwete dura rekukosha mupfungwa yakajairika; asi, mune yakanyatsonanga uye yemunhu: heirloom. Heirlooms inobvumira kutakura mari yehupenyu hwako kuvana vako. Hongu, sezvo vanhu vachikura, takakwanisa kuendesa kune zvimwe zvinhu kunze kwemari kune vagari venhaka yedu, zvakadai seunyanzvi hwakanaka, pfuma kana kunyange chikwata chezvitoro; zvisinei, iyo mienzaniso inowanzovimba nehurongwa hwepamutemo, uye (heino izwi iro zvakare) fiduciary. Ichi chikonzero chemari yekutanga chinonongedza kumashure kuchinyorwa cheSzabo pane zvese kubva kumakanda kusvika kune heirlooms uye zvinounganidzwa zvine zvakadzika uye kumwe kukosha kwekufambisa. Ndarama, zvishongo nesirivha zvichiri kuzadzisa basa iri nhasi. Dowries nenhaka zvakakura munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kunyanya India neChina.

Ndiyo "nei" yemari yekutanga. Zvino, ngatitangei kutarisa zvakasimba kuti chii chaizvo.

Ndarama Uye Sirivha

Kana mwana anoziva kuti goridhe nesirivha zvine chekuita nemari. Zvingave kubva kumitambo yemavhidhiyo kana ngano, yakadzika muDNA yedu kuti simbi idzi dzakakosha. Ndiri kuzokuratidza macurves avo ekupa izvozvi. Heino goridhe, mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura:

Nehurombo, mufananidzo uyu hausi chikamu chedzidzo yedu yekutanga yemari. Zvinofanira kuva. Unogona kuona nhamba dzangu kubva kune akawanda maindasitiri uye zvinyorwa zvemigodhi, kunyangwe kuwana iyo chaiyo fomati uye manhamba kuchave kwakaoma zvakare, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero zvinhu izvi hazvina kumbotsanangurwa zviri nyore. Ziva kuti pachave nemuganho wekukanganisa mune zvaunoona zvakamisikidzwa pamusoro, zvichipesana nezviripo (kana kumwe kutsvagisa). Hapana anonyatsoziva kuti yakawanda sei goridhe rakagadzirwa, asi aya ndiwo manhamba angu uye ndiri kuomerera paari.

Imwe nyaya ndeyekuti indasitiri inowanzo tora mayuniti egoridhe anocherwa mumatani metric, chinove chinhu chinotyisa kuita. Dzinofanirwa kugara dzichiratidzwa mumayuniti emuno anotorwa nemusika pamutengo, uyo uri "pa troy ounce." Nei tichifanira kuzviita neimwe nzira? Sezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda muhupenyu, usarega CNBC kana Bloomberg ichikuvhiringa pane zvine basa. Muchati iri pamusoro, rutivi rworudyi runoyera goridhe rakacherwa mumabhiriyoni ematroy ounces (mitsetse), uye rutivi rworuboshwe (nzvimbo yakaturikidzana) rinoratidza huwandu hwegoridhe rakacherwa rinoratidzwa muchikamu chepasi rose cheakaundi: U.S. dhora.

Muvanhu vese, takadhonza 6.3 bhiriyoni aunzi egoridhe kubva pasi. Pamitengo yazvino iyo ingangoita $11.3 trillion mukukosha. Zvinoreva here kuti kana nyika yese ikatengesa goridhe rayo izvozvi, vangawana uye vanogona kuwana $11.3 trillion (kana vachida)? Zviripachena kwete, asi isu tichasvika kune izvo.

6.3 bhiriyoni aunzi i60% makore anopfuura makumi mashanu apfuura, zvichireva kuti zvingangoita zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvegoridhe rese munhoroondo yese yakacherwa kubva 50.

Asi harisi rose regoridhe iroro rinouya muforoma yatinowanzofunga nezvayo kubva mungano; kureva, muchimiro chebullion, mumari nemabhawa. 12% yeiyi inonzi "yakarasika kana kupedzwa" neindasitiri, kubva kwairi kusiri kuwanikwa. Pagoridhe rasara, inenge 50% yaro iri muchimiro chezvishongo, uye 50% yayo iri muchimiro chemari nemabhawa.

Zvakadaro, isu tinogona kufunga nezvese zvishongo uye bullion segoridhe iri mvura uye yepasirese. Kuparadzanisa zvakare kukosha kwakarasika kuindasitiri, tinowana anenge 5.6 bhiriyoni maunzi, kana $10 tiririyoni yakaenzana, pamitengo iripo.

Heino chaiyo mhando yegirafu, asi ikozvino yesirivha. Anenge 55.3 bhiriyoni maonzi esirivha akacherwa muvanhu. Zvakafanana negoridhe, iyo yakawanda (53%) yesirivha yese pamusoro pevhu yakacherwa kubvira 1970:

Kunyange zvazvo sirivha yaitangira goridhe kare sechinhu chikuru chemari (coinage), nhasi yave mhuka yakasiyana pachikamu chikuru. Chikamu chakakura kwazvo chekuwanikwa kwayo kwemigodhi chapinda muindasitiri uye chakaonekwa sechisiri nyore kudzoserwa. 27 bhiriyoni maounces akasimba muchokwadi, kana $600 bhiriyoni mune yakaenzana kukosha, yakarasika. Sirivha iyi inogara mumidziyo yetekinoroji, mumakonditi, mumichina, uye muzvivakwa. Zvizhinji zveizvo zvinogara zvichidzokororwa, asi zvino zvinodzoserwa kumashure mukushandiswa kwakawanda kwemaindasitiri. Madhiraivha ekudiwa kwesirivheri nhasi awanda maindasitiri, uye ishoma mari uye yekushongedza pane goridhe.

Ikozvino pasirivheri isiri yemaindasitiri iri pamusoro pevhu, yakatosiyana negoridhe pakuti chikamu chidiki diki chayo chiri muchimiro chebullion (mari nemabhawa), chete mabhiriyoni 3.6 aunzi, kana mabhiriyoni makumi masere emadhora. Asi kunyangwe tikadaidza iyo sirivha "yemari" sirivha, isu tinofanira kuramba tichifunga nezvese kumwe kutamisa hupfumi, sirivha yemvura iri pamusoro pevhu. Kune anenge 80 bhiriyoni ounces yezvinhu izvozvo, $24.6 bhiriyoni inokosha pamitengo yanhasi. Uye chikamu chikuru cheicho chinosanganisira kwete zvishongo chete, asi sirivha yaambuya vako.

Zvino pasina kuenderera mberi nesora riri pano, ngatizvibvunzei mimwe mibvunzo pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvegoridhe nesirivheri zviri mvura, zvekushongedza uye nemari:

Kana ndikabata zvimwe zveizvi pachangu, mune yangu home, ndeyangu zvechokwadi here? Ehe. Zvingaite se "asset" pane yangu pachedu pepa remari? Ehe. Ndingatakura here hupfumi uhu mune ramangwana nekuhupfuudza kuvadyi venhaka yangu? Ehe. Pane kambani "yakaona" simbi idzi kuvapo? Aihwa.

Mhinduro kumibvunzo iri pamusoro, pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zviri pachena kwavari munhoroondo yese yevanhu, pamwe nebasa ravo rekuchinjana-pakati, zvinogona kutitungamira kune imwe mhedzisiro yehupfumi. Iwo makemikoro emakemikari e aurum uye argentum ndiyo yakakosha mari. Ivo vanoverengerwa semari yekutanga.

Kuvhara The Loop

Musiyano wakakosha ndewemari yekutanga, maringe nefiduciary media. Usati wasvika kune mabhenefiti eimwe, maringe nenjodzi dzeimwe, zvinobatsira kuwedzera chiyero. Hazvingobatsiri chete kuziva ma mechanics, zvinorerutsa kusawirirana kana munhu akatarisa kuti mafomu maviri aya emari anopindirana sei muhurongwa hwemari hwepasi rose. Maonero enhoroondo anodiwa zvakanyanya.

Parizvino, takatarisa kuti ndeipi fiduciary media iri muhurongwa hwemari hwazvino, uye nei zvichikosha. Isu takatarisa zvakanaka mari yekutanga, inova goridhe nesirivha. Takataura nezvekuti nei zvichikosha. Takatarisa muchidimbu chikonzero bitcoin inoisawo semari yakakosha, ine hunhu hwakafanana (kunyangwe huri nani) kune hwegoridhe nesirivha.

Muchikamu 2 tichavhara kunze. Tichashanyira vaya vapfuri vegoridhe nevatengesi vemari. Tichaona kuti fiduciary media yakagadziridzwa sei pano, ndokutanga kumiririra kudiwa kwegoridhe nesirivha. Izvi zvichatipinza mumabhanga emazuva ano. Tiri munzira isu tichafanirwa kuongorora kusvika kusingadzivisike kwachangamire, wenyika, kutenderedza zvese izvi. Rangarira, saRon Paul anoshamisa kungoona chete, "Mari ihafu yezvese zvekutengeserana." Hazvigoneke kuti nyika irege kutarisa uye yobva yapinda mumusika wemari.

Ndichaisawo rumwe ruvara pane izwi rekuti "mari." Mari ishoko rinotenderera richitenderera "basic cash," "currency," uye "fiduciary media," kazhinji pasina pfungwa yechipiri nemutauri wayo, saka tinoda kuita rimwe basa ipapo.

Kusimuka kwebhangi guru remazuva ano kuchave kusingabviri kufuratira zvakare. Ndinogara ndichiti handina chokwadi chekuti murume ndiani, uye kuti mukadzi ndeupi, asi hazvirambike kuti wanano ine pundutso kupfuura dzimwe dzose ndeyepakati pehomwe yenyika, nebhanga guru renyika.

Uye izvo zvichatisvitsa kune yazvino, fiat mari base. Uye zvirokwazvo kwete rondedzero inopfuura yeane usimbe economist, ini ndinokuratidza chaizvo zvazvinoreva, uye chaizvo zvazvinotaridzika.

Uye ipapo isu tichaona kuti nzira dzese dzinotungamira sei Bitcoin. Sei bitcoin imari yekutanga senge yekare, uye nei panguva ino, inogona kunge yakasiyana.

Vaverengi vemagazini ino vanoziva kuwanda kwehwaro hwounyanzvi, hwoupfumi, uye hwenzanga Bitcoin zvinofukidza. Chikamu II chichaunza dzimwe nhamba kuratidza izvozvo.

Kutenda kuna Nic Carter nemhinduro yake pachinyorwa ichi.

Iyi inzvimbo yevaenzi naMatthew Mezinskis. Mafungiro anotaurwa ndeavo zvachose uye haafanire kuratidza iwo eBTC, Inc Bitcoin Magazini.

Original source: Bitcoin magazini