By Bitcoin Majalah - 2 sababaraha taun ka pengker - Waktos Bacaan: 6 menit
Papanggihan Of Bitcoin Nyaeta Sapotong Puzzle
Bitcoin is a fundamental discovery in a long chain of cryptographic progress.
A recurring conversation in the Bitcoin community is the question “was Bitcoin invented or discovered?” Initially this question seems simple. Obviously Bitcoin was invented, wasn't it?
No. In my opinion, Bitcoin, like any other scientific and technological “invention,” was discovered and not really invented.
The purpose of this article is to explain this and to help you understand why if Satoshi Nakamoto had never existed, Bitcoin would have eventually been discovered by someone else.
The Padeukeut Mungkin
There is a figure in our collective unconscious showing the lone genius in his garage. This brilliant and misunderstood scientist is unraveling some of nature's great mysteries all by himself.
This image is totally wrong. Even geniuses like Isaac Newton recognized that "If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants."
Gambar 1: Kaca hareup https://scholar.google.com/undefinedKonsep ieu sigana counterintuitive dina mimitina, tapi bukti sajarah ngarojong pintonan ieu.
Aya sababaraha pamanggihan ilmiah, sapertos kalkulus sareng téori seléksi alam, anu sababaraha kali lumangsung sacara mandiri.
Kanggo sabagéan ageung urang, téori seléksi alam sacara klasik dikaitkeun ka Charles Darwin. Carita na dipikanyaho: anjeunna balayar ka sakuliah dunya dina HMS Beagle, diajar finches di Kapuloan Galapagos, gempa 1835 di Chili, sareng saterasna. Anu terang sababaraha urang nyaéta yén pangarang ayeuna téori seléksi alam ieu attributed ka Darwin-Wallace.
That's because it took Darwin more than 20 years to publish his discovery, and in the meantime a young naturalist named Alfred Russell Wallace reached the same conclusions that Darwin had reached. Wallace ngulik hutan hujan Amazon sareng Kepulauan Melayu. Naha aranjeunna dua genius terasing anu mendakan kumaha évolusi jalanna sacara mandiri?
Sumuhun na euweuh.
Dua élmuwan cemerlang ieu ngagaduhan aksés kana rujukan anu sami. Duanana nyebatkeun karya tina James Hutton jeung Charles Lyell, two geologists who discussed how changes occurred gradually over a large span of time, known as geological time or deep time. This view is known as uniformitarianism and is opposed to catastrophism, which at the time was associated with the Great Flood and the idea that the Earth's age was only 10,000 years. Thanks to these authors, the concept of deep time began to exist in the scientific community. Both Darwin and Wallace read these works.
Sami lumaku pikeun karya tina Thomas R. Malthus. Malthus ngabahas masalah sumber daya anu terbatas sareng bahkan ngagambar ideu "berjuang pikeun kahirupan" sareng "survival of the fittest". Tapi anjeunna museurkeun karyana dina géografi populasi, teu alam leuwih lega. Duanana Darwin jeung Wallace quoted Malthus' work as a key piece in the evolutionary puzzle.
Sami lumaku pikeun Isaac Newton jeung Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, anu mandiri manggihan kalkulus. Ahli matematika éta nyéépkeun sesa hirupna bajoang pikeun nangtukeun saha nu nyata panemu kalkulus tinimbang tempo yén éta bisa dimekarkeun dua kali dina waktu anu singget.
Istilah "mungkin padeukeut" diciptakeun dina 1996 ku Stuart Kauffman, saurang ahli biologi évolusionér. Pikeun anjeunna, sistem biologis sanggup ngarobih kana sistem anu kompleks tina parobahan incremental. Ieu mantuan ngajelaskeun kumaha sistem kompléks originate: hiji hambalan dina hiji waktu.
For example: the origin of life hypothetically occurred in a primitive environment known as "sup primordial." The atmosphere lacked oxygen, and was rich in hydrogen, ammonia, methane and water. Something caused these molecules to stick together and become amino acids. These were able to combine to form proteins and create organic material. This organic material may have eventually given rise to biological life as we know it today. Each step in this chain could not have existed before the previous step. Hydrogen, methane, water and ammonium wouldn't bond together to form proteins, but their recombined form called amino acids would.
Kemungkinan anu padeukeut nyaéta hakekat prosés ilmiah, nalika pangaweruh anyar kapanggih dumasar kana pangaweruh anu aya di gigireunana, boh buku atanapi artikel ilmiah. Dasarna, pangaweruh ilmiah anu aya ngagambarkeun potongan teka-teki anu parantos dirakit di payuneun sadayana. Élmuwan anu ngadamel panemuan ngan ukur mendakan pas tina potongan anu paling anyar dipasang.
Konsep aslina "meme" ditetepkeun ku biologist Richard Dawkins dina buku "The Selfish Gene". Buku ieu mangrupikeun ulikan ngeunaan kumaha gen mangrupikeun unit pilihan dina évolusi, sanés spésiés, kelompok, atanapi bahkan individu. Dina buku, panulis ngajukeun yén gén nyaéta pikeun biologi naon mémé pikeun inpormasi budaya, sareng unit pangleutikna seléksi budaya nyaéta mémé. Dina basa sejen, duanana carita, lagu komo hiji gambar kalawan téks di luhur téh memes. Sarua jeung "kolam renang gén," aya "kolam renang meme, "Di mana sagala memes bersaing pikeun spasi, dibagikeun atawa poho. Unit budaya ieu aya dina kolam renang meme, dimana sadaya ilmuwan tiasa konsultasi inpormasi.
kolam renang meme ieu dibagikeun jeung ngajadikeun kamungkinan pikeun évolusi ilmiah jeung budaya dugi ka padeukeut mungkin yen unit ieu informasi budaya ngidinan. Dina basa sejen, teu mungkin mun boga téori seléksi alam tanpa Malthusianism atanapi uniformitarianism.
Gambar 2 sareng 3 mangrupikeun gambaran skéma tina kamungkinan anu padeukeut sareng prosés kamajuan ilmiah.
Élmu fiksi ngeunaan psychohistory, anu dijelaskeun ku Isaac Asimov, ngagambarkeun konsep ieu ogé. Dina psychohistory, sanajan lampah hiji individu tinangtu teu bisa diprediksi, acara hareup bisa diprediksi ngagunakeun statistik dilarapkeun ka populasi badag.
Duanana psychohistory, konsép tina fiksi ilmiah, sareng kamungkinan anu padeukeut, konsép tina biologi, gaduh ciri umum: tindakan individu khusus henteu masalah pikeun kacenderungan makro.
We like to think of ourselves as special snowflakes, but actually we're all quite commonplace with limited basic variations and a few possible personality archetypes, as the few categories in any personality test like the Holland Code (RIASEC) atawa Myers-Briggs tés nunjukkeun.
Nu raises patarosan: bisa manusa invent hal bener anyar?
Papanggihan tina Bitcoin
"Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age." - Eric Hughes, Manifesto Cypherpunk, 1993
As with the image of the lone scientist, we also tend to imagine Satoshi Nakamoto in this way. But in reality, he was also on the shoulder of giants when he conceived Bitcoin.
Bitcoin may seem “new,” but in reality it is the culmination of a 30+ year process by a group of people interested in encryption and privacy. They are called "the cypherpunks." The Cypherpunk Manifesto dates back to 1993; several attempts to resolve the issue of conveying value with privacy without the need for a trusted external validator had already been made and failed. In a nutshell, we can simplify some of the puzzle pieces of the cypherpunk memetic pool used by Satoshi:
In 1997, Adam Back created Hashcash, an anti-spam instrument that made it costly (in time and computing power) to send an email, making spam economically unfeasible.In 2004, Hal Finney created the reusable proof-of-work (RPOW) based on Hashcash. RPOW were cryptographic tokens that could only be used once. Validation and double-spend protection was still performed on a central server.In 2005, Nick Szabo published the proposal for “bitgold,” a digital token based on RPOW. Bitgold did not have a token limit, but imagined that the units would be valued differently according to the amount of computational processing used in their creation.In 2008, a person operating under the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto published the Bitcoin whitepaper, which directly cites both bitgold and Hashcash.It was by learning from all these attempts that Satoshi was able to reach the magical possible adjacent called Bitcoin. But the truth is that, as brilliant as Satoshi was, if he hadn't discovered Bitcoin in 2008, someone would have probably already discovered it by now.
Figure 4: Timeline of Bitcoin prehistory from Plan B tweet.This is a guest post by Leta. Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC Inc or Bitcoin Majalah.
sumber aslina: Bitcoin majalah