By Bitcoin میگزین - 1 سال پہلے - پڑھنے کا وقت: 7 منٹ
Bitcoin ڈارک نیٹ مارکیٹس پر اپنا حق کھو رہا ہے۔
A deep dive into how Bitcoin’s lack of privacy and, by extension, its insufficient fungibility has led to its loss of market share in darknet markets.
If you wanted to buy contraband online in the last five years or so, you may have noticed that the option to pay in bitcoin — once the most popular form of payment on darknet markets — is slowly disappearing.
You may ask why it matters to you or the average Bitcoin enthusiast. (You're presumably an excellent, law abiding citizen — good for you, but that is irrelevant.) Allow me to explain.
شاہراہ ریشم
The first major milestone of bitcoin was to be accepted as a form of money. This happened with small obscure merchants at the early stages, but as the word spread, bitcoin found itself as the “official” currency of the darknet, and allowed the creation of a market called “Silk Road.”
Silk Road was a revolutionary online marketplace. Merchants from all around the world could transact from the comfort of their own home, whenever they wanted, and could sell (and customers could buy) whatever they wanted, all with a new form of uncensorable, decentralized and easy-to-use form of money: bitcoin.
(ماخذ)Bitcoin's adoption depended on markets like Silk Road to pioneer, and what was special about Silk Road is that it was an almost completely free (as in freedom) market. Free markets are excellent for adoption because they don't require bureaucracy, permits, regulations or any other form of permission to run. The less permission required, the better a market can function. Therefore, there is more adoption, more merchants and more bitcoin استعمال کریں.
Without markets like Silk Road, bitcoin’s adoption is at risk, and the network is not as efficient as it could be.
The importance of Silk Road in Bitcoin's history is, without a doubt, massive since it pioneered bitcoin’s use as a medium of exchange, and still remains the biggest bitcoin goods and services marketplace in history.
Now that you have a decent idea on why such markets are so important, I'll do my best to explain why bitcoin is not used there anymore.
فنگیبلٹی کا تصور اور یہ کیوں اہم ہے۔
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, fungible means “being something (such as money or a commodity) of such a nature that one part or quantity may be replaced by another equal part or quantity in paying a debt or settling an account.” This is untrue of bitcoin.
ہر سکے کی اپنی تاریخ ہوتی ہے، اور اس تاریخ کا حساب اس وقت لیا جا سکتا ہے جب کوئی صارف اپنے سکے استعمال کرنے کی کوشش کرتا ہے۔ یہ تاریخ مجرمانہ طریقے سے استعمال ہونے والے سکے استعمال کرنے/ رکھنے کے دوران صارف کو پریشانی میں مبتلا کر سکتی ہے، مثال کے طور پر منشیات کی تجارت یا ایکسچینج ہیک۔
ڈارک نیٹ مارکیٹوں میں، رازداری کو بہت اہمیت حاصل ہے۔ بیچنے والے اور خریدار اپنی پرائیویسی کی حفاظت کرنا چاہتے ہیں تاکہ لین دین کرتے وقت ان کی حفاظت کو یقینی بنایا جا سکے۔ قانون نافذ کرنے والے ادارے اس قسم کے بازاروں کے لیے زیادہ مہربان نہیں ہیں اور پرائیویسی لیک ہونے کے لیے ویب سائٹس اور تاجروں کی مسلسل نگرانی کرتے ہیں۔
ڈیفالٹ کی طرف سے، bitcoin has weak privacy, and therefore is not fungible. Data and metadata from the Bitcoin timechain can be linked together with off-chain data to form solid evidence against a defendant in court. There have been cases that relied on bitcoin's lack of privacy as conclusive evidence of what the government sees as “wrong-doing.” Naturally, darknet markets were looking for solutions.
ہونا چاہئے Bitcoin developers add privacy via hard fork or would a soft fork be sufficient? Should privacy be on the application level rather than on the protocol level?
سچ تو یہ ہے کہ زیادہ تر لوگ، خاص طور پر ڈارک نیٹ مارکیٹوں کے منتظمین اور تاجروں کو کوئی پرواہ نہیں۔ وہ صرف پرائیویسی چاہتے ہیں۔ That’s one of the reasons bitcoin is losing darknet market share to other cryptocurrencies that have figured this out already.
Does one bitcoin always equal one bitcoin?مقابلہ
دیگر شعبوں کے برعکس، ڈارک نیٹ مارکیٹوں میں بہت زیادہ مقابلہ ہے، خاص طور پر جب بات لین دین کے طریقوں کی ہو۔ مارکیٹوں میں اضافہ اور زوال اور اسی طرح ادائیگی کے طریقے ان میں استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
2015 سے پہلے ، bitcoin used to hold most of the market share in darknet markets, followed only by fiat currency.
After the fall of many markets and their vendors because of bitcoin’s privacy flaws and bad operational security, the use of bitcoin was starting to drop. Other cryptocurrencies, like monero, started to emerge on darknet markets because they better fit the use case. They had something that bitcoin does not, privacy by default.
ماضی میں، bitcoin’s focus on being a store of value overlapped with the development of the required privacy for darknet market use.
بڑھانا Bitcoin’s Privacy
Still, there are many attempts at enhancing bitcoin’s privacy, and I’ll do my best to list the most prominent of them:
ٹمبلرز
Custodial tumblers were an early solution to bitcoin's lack of privacy. There will usually be a centralized server that gathers bitcoin from customers and dispenses them randomly to unlink the customer from the bitcoin انہوں نے بھیجا.
Those have multiple flaws and massive third-party risks, and they are also often honeypots set up by law enforcement to catch dirty bitcoin and surveil on users.
There’s also tumbling with services that are not aware of it: This is a long process where the user will mix their bitcoin with other users' bitcoin by sending funds to exchanges, online casinos and other sites that hold a large amount of bitcoin. This has the same flaws as custodial mixers.
(ماخذ)CoinJoin
A CoinJoin is a collaborative transaction that combines users' coins in order to create a large anonymity set for them. This increases the privacy of all participants.
This is by far the most effective method for privacy on Bitcoin and has been used heavily on darknet markets as well as outside of them.
This one is a very important tool in the tech stack of a Bitcoiner, and I encourage you to learn about it and use it.
(ماخذ)ایسے "جعلی" CoinJoins بھی ہیں جو صرف ایک شخص کی طرف سے کی جانے والی لین دین پر یقین کرنے کے لیے زنجیر کے تجزیے کو الجھانے کے لیے ہورسٹکس کا فائدہ اٹھاتے ہیں جو دراصل ایک وسیع CoinJoin ہے۔
(ماخذ)اسٹیلتھ ایڈریسز
Bitcoin stealth addresses, prominently BIP47, introduced a way to have a stealth, reusable address that only discloses the real address of the user when a notification transaction was made.
یہ ایک نیا تخلیق کرتا ہے۔ Bitcoin address for each user you connect with to ensure privacy. This was never widely used in darknet markets, but it’s decent tech nonetheless and a personal favorite of mine.
اسٹیلتھ ایڈریس کی ایک قسم کی مثال: PayNymاسمانی بجلی کا نیٹ ورک
بجلی کا نیٹ ورک ایک ہے۔ Bitcoin Layer 2 with a focus on providing fast, cheap and arguably private payments with instant settlement. Currently, the privacy on Lightning is great for senders, partially solving Bitcoin’s fungibility issue on-chain.
Unfortunately, Lightning has privacy flaws when it comes to receiving money. For instance, the receiver needs to provide his “channel point” when creating an invoice. A channel point is the UTXO on the blockchain that is used to back the channel with on-chain bitcoin; that means that the sender can view the receiver’s on-chain transaction history.
تاجر، خاص طور پر ماحول میں جیسے کہ ڈارک نیٹ مارکیٹس سادگی کی تلاش میں ہیں، ایسی چیز جو لائٹننگ فی الحال فراہم نہیں کرتی ہے۔
دلیل سے، اوپر کی وجوہات یہ ہیں کہ لائٹننگ کو فی الحال کسی بھی ڈارک نیٹ مارکیٹ میں ضم کیوں نہیں کیا گیا ہے۔ ان پیچیدگیوں کے بارے میں بھی تشویش ہے جو ایک مرچنٹ کے طور پر لائٹننگ نوڈ چلانے کے ساتھ آتی ہیں۔
اگرچہ امید کے لیے کچھ گنجائش موجود ہے، کیونکہ فی الحال ایسی ٹیمیں موجود ہیں جو وصول کنندہ اور بھیجنے والے کی رازداری کے ساتھ ساتھ صارف کے تجربے کے مسائل کو بھی بہتر بنانے پر کام کر رہی ہیں۔ یہ ممکنہ طور پر مستقبل میں ڈارک نیٹ مارکیٹوں کے لیے اسے زیادہ پرکشش بنا سکتا ہے۔
(ماخذ)ہم اسے ٹھیک کرنے کے لیے کیا کر سکتے ہیں؟
I can not stress enough how important it is that we have decent privacy on Bitcoin that everyone can take advantage of. The solution is within Bitcoin’s culture and community. There are app-level privacy upgrades that can be standardized to improve overall privacy on the network.
ہر طرح کے سکے جوائنز، خاموش ادائیگیوں اور BIP47 جیسے اسٹیلتھ ایڈریس سلوشنز، اور صارفین کو اپنا نوڈ چلانے اور جہاں وہ کر سکتے ہیں نان کسٹوڈیل اور اوپن سورس سافٹ ویئر استعمال کرنے کی ترغیب دیتے ہیں۔
When transacting, make sure it’s peer-to-peer and not through an exchange or other intermediary. Never use a custodial wallet — you can not ensure your privacy if you count on a third party to take care of it for you. Also, when acquiring bitcoin make sure to use a non-KYC (know-your-customer) exchange. Otherwise, your data and privacy could be at risk.
My advice is to do your own research and make sure to take every precaution when using bitcoin to ensure your own privacy.
The more people that use bitcoin privately, the better privacy everyone gets, and the more likely it is that bitcoin will emerge again as the prominent currency of the darknet markets, and consequently of other markets too.
یہ وائلڈسنو کی ایک مہمان پوسٹ ہے۔ بیان کردہ آراء مکمل طور پر ان کی اپنی ہیں اور ضروری نہیں کہ وہ BTC Inc. یا کی عکاسی کریں۔ Bitcoin میگزین.
اصل ذریعہ: Bitcoin میگزین