By Bitcoin Iris - 3 mhí ó shin - Am Léitheoireachta: 5 nóiméad
Conas is féidir CTV Cabhrú le Scála Bitcoin
OP_CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY has once again become a focal point in the conversation about improvements to scale Bitcoin. This time around there are many more alternative designs for covenants being proposed, and actual concrete designs that make use of CTV as scaling solutions (Teorainn Ama Crainn agus Ark). The conversation has a much larger depth of concepts to take into consideration, both in terms of alternatives that could be adopted as well as concrete proposals that CTV could enable.
One narrative circulating from the camp of people against CTV is that “CTV doesn’t scale Bitcoin.” Let’s charitably interpret that to mean that CTV itself does not scale Bitcoin, things you can build with it do. Well, then that is not a coherent argument. Segregated Witness did not scale Bitcoin. CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY and CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY did not scale Bitcoin. But the Lightning Network, which those three proposals enabled, do scale Bitcoin. They add a massive amount of overhead for transactional throughput to grow beyond the constraints of the blockchain féin.
Lightning literally couldn’t exist without those base layer primitives. The problem with Lightning though, is it only scales the number of transactions that can be processed. It does not in any way help improve the scalability of ownership over UTXOs, or increase the number of users who can control one. Lightning is currently not capable of doing that with its current design and the current set of consensus primitives available in Bitcoin script.
Is féidir le CTV é sin a athrú.
UTXOs agus UTXOs Fíorúla
Part of the problem of Lightning’s shortcoming regarding scalability of Bitcoin ownership is that in order to open a channel, or control a UTXO, you actually have to transact on the base layer. After that Lightning can facilitate a very large number of transactions off-chain, but a user must still transact on-chain to onboard themselves to Lightning. It massively increases the number of transactions Bitcoin can process, but it does nothing at all to increase the number of people who can own bitcoin.
This is another big problem CTV can help with. Burak coined the term “virtual UTXO” for his Ark proposal, but I think this terminology is a perfect general term useful far beyond the context of Ark. A virtual UTXO is one committed to being created in the future, through mechanisms like a pre-signed transaction, but that hasn’t actually been created on-chain yet. Bitcoin does not have the blockspace for everyone to create a single UTXO at the scale of the world population, but there is definitely potential for people to have their own independent virtual UTXO if the process of committing to those can be made scalable.
Scaling the creation of commitments to vUTXOs is the problem. Right now there is no way to create them except through the use of pre-signed transactions, and this introduces a bottleneck that must be addressed. The number of vUTXOs any real UTXO can commit to is bounded by the size of the multisig set signing these transactions. To trustlessly create vUTXOs, the owner of every vUTXO must be part of the multisig key that is signing the transactions that commit to creating them, otherwise they have no guarantee that conflicting transactions will not be generated that voids their ability to claim their vUTXO if necessary. The problem of coordinating the signing of this between every member of the set introduces practical considerations that will ultimately severely limit the size any pool of vUTXOs can grow to. The only other alternative is to have some trusted party or parties sign the transactions committing to everyone’s vUTXOs, and simply trusting them to not steal those funds from the rightful owners.
Tugann CTV réiteach ar an dá fhadhb seo. Trí bheith in ann gealltanas a thabhairt go neamh-idirghníomhach do shraith idirbheart sa todhchaí ar an mbealach céanna a dhéanann idirbhearta réamhshínithe, ach gan a cheangal ar gach úinéir na vUTXO a chruthaíonn na hidirbhearta sin chun síniú a chomhordú, réitíonn sé an fhadhb chomhordaithe. Ag an am céanna toisc nach gá d’aon duine idirghníomhú, d’fhéadfadh duine singil an ról a ghlacadh maidir le haschur CTV a mhaoiniú a thugann gealltanas do vUTXO gach duine a bheith ar an slabhra, agus níl muinín ar bith as an duine sin tar éis don idirbheart maoinithe a bheith deimhnithe. Chomh luath agus a dheimhnítear an fíor-UTXO sin i mbloc, níl aon chumas ag an duine a mhaoinigh é na hidirbhearta todhchaí a bhfuil sé tiomanta dóibh a chealú nó a chaitheamh faoi dhó.
Keep in mind that a vUTXO can be whatever you want it to be. It can be a Lightning channel, a multisig script for cold storage, etc. CTV does what the current form of Lightning does not, it scales actual ownership of Bitcoin, not just the number of transactions it can process.
Gearr Tríd an Aicearra
One of the other criticisms of CTV as “not scaling Bitcoin” is that by committing to future transactions you do not escape the need to put them on-chain eventually, and so therefore CTV doesn’t actually help improve scalability. I like to call this “the OP_IF fallacy.” i.e. once people start talking about CTV they forget OP_IF exists, and that scripts can actually have multiple spending conditions to choose from.
Is iad na rudaí is cumhachtaí faoi Taproot ná an cumas multisigs a thógáil trí dhá eochair phoiblí a chur le chéile agus iad a shíniú le sínithe comhiomlán amháin, agus gan ach brainse “IF” amháin de script a nochtadh go roghnach a bhfuil bealaí iomadúla ann le caitheamh. . In éineacht le CTV, cuireann sé seo bealach an-chumhachtach ar fáil le húsáid a bhaint as gealltanais vUTXO. Seachas slabhra idirbheart a dhéanamh ag baint úsáide as CTV amháin, is féidir iad a thógáil leis an gcosán caiteachais CTV curtha laistigh de chrann barrfhréamh. Is iad deireadh an tslabhra idirbheart na vUTXO aonair ar fad atá ar úinéireacht ag gach rannpháirtí, faoi ghlas ag eochair phoiblí an úsáideora sin amháin. Agus tú ag dul ar gcúl i dtreo fhréamh an chrainn, is féidir gach sraith eochracha atá faoi bhun aon nód sa chrann a chur le chéile agus a úsáid mar eochair Schnorr multisig a bhfuil cosán caiteachais an CTV curtha faoi.
Ciallaíonn sé seo, ag aon phointe sa slabhra idirbheart a scaoiltear ar slabhra chun na vUTXO a iompú ina fíor-UTXOanna áit ar féidir leat a fháil ar gach rannpháirtí in UTXO idirmheánach a chomhordú lena chéile, is féidir le gach duine idirbheart a shíniú go comhoibríoch ag bogadh a gcuid boinn áit tá siad ag iarraidh dul ar bhealach níos éifeachtaí ná an sreabhadh idirbheart réamhshainithe a ligean ar oscailt an bealach ar fad chun a gcuid vUTXO a athrú ina gcuid fíor. Ligeann sé seo d’fhoghrúpaí beaga éalú óna dteastaíonn uathu an tsraith iomlán idirbheart atá réamhthiomanta do shlabhra a scaoileadh amach, gan aon pháirtithe iontaofa a thabhairt isteach chun brath ar shlándáil éileamh gach úsáideora ar a vUTXO féin nó é a lagú.
These two simple realities offer a massive gain in scalability for Bitcoin without compromising on individual sovereignty or security in doing so, and all we need in order to realize them is CTV.
Admhálacha: Ba mhaith liom buíochas a ghabháil le gach duine a ghlacann páirt ag Chicago Bitdevs as cabhrú liom na tuairimí seo a chur le chéile ar bhealach beacht trí phlé.
Foinse bunaidh: Bitcoin Magazine