By Bitcoin ວາລະສານ - 3 ເດືອນກ່ອນ - ເວລາອ່ານ: 6 ນາທີ
ເພື່ອຂີ້ຝຸ່ນເຈົ້າຈະກັບຄືນມາ
ພິຈາລະນາສະຖານະການ doomsday. ທ່ານໃຊ້ເວລາສອງສາມປີຜ່ານມາຢ່າງພາກພຽນໃນຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍໂດຍສະເລ່ຍແລະຖອນເງິນໂດລາໄປຫາກະເປົາເງິນຂອງທ່ານ. ທ່ານມີໂຕນ UTXO ຂະຫນາດນ້ອຍ1's and bitcoin transaction fees rise so much that your bitcoin turns into dust2. You’re now unable to spend your bitcoin. ສໍາລັບບາງຄົນ bitcoin users, this is not a doomsday scenario, this is a reality that they experienced over the past 6 months.
During 2023 we saw very big fluctuations in bitcoin transaction fees as Ordinals3 brought a flood of new bitcoin users and with that significant increase in blockspace demand. Despite the positive press from the Bitcoin Spot ETF approval, users have faced serious challenges from high transaction fees, especially for users who have small UTXO’s. In some cases, UTXO’s were unspendable, also known as turned into dust. This transaction fee pain led many people to ask the question, how can I know if my UTXO’s are at risk? For this article, we will explore the point at which dust is created and try to help lay out a minimum plan to mitigate this risk.
Bitcoin Median Transaction Fees In sat/vB Past 6 Months
ທີ່ມາ: Dune as of January 12, 2024Over the past 6 months we have seen wild swings in median bitcoin transaction fees. We saw mempools clear with 0 sat/vB and soar higher than 350 sat/vB. While that might not mean much to you at face value, it can mean big challenges for users who are sending multiple small value SegWit UTXO’s in single transactions. In fact, some users saw their UTXO’s turn into dust. This obviously caused panic, and for some this caused an expensive lesson in UTXO management. This is not an article that explains UTXO management strategy, this article attempts to tell you that you absolutely want big UTXO’s. If bitcoin does what we think it is going to do, then multiple UTXO transactions as small as 0.001 BTC could be unspendable under high fee environments, and you can kiss your dust goodbye.
ກ່ອນທີ່ພວກເຮົາຈະກະໂດດເຂົ້າໄປໃນຂໍ້ມູນ, ພວກເຮົາຈໍາເປັນຕ້ອງກໍານົດສິ່ງທີ່ພວກເຮົາຕ້ອງການເບິ່ງ. ສໍາລັບພວກເຮົາ, ພວກເຮົາພະຍາຍາມເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າ UTXO ແມ່ນໃຊ້ຈ່າຍໄດ້ຫຼືມັນເປັນຝຸ່ນ (ບໍ່ມີຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ). ສໍາລັບການນີ້, ພວກເຮົາຈະຕ້ອງການດັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້:
Sum of UTXO’s being sentTotal Weight Units4ຄ່າທຳນຽມທຸລະກຳ sats/vBWith this information we can make a formula that shows how much value is transferred in a bitcoin transaction after you remove the transaction fees.
Transferred Value = BTC Sent - ( ( ( Total Weight Units / 4 ) * Transaction Fee in sats/vB ) * 0.00000001 )
If the transferred value is a negative number, this means you have dust, the UTXO sum costs more to send than it is worth. Because calculating bitcoin transaction weight units is a bit complex, we will use a realistic scenario for use in building our table, assumptions, and recommendations.
For this example we are using5 basic SegWit (P2WPKH) financial transactions with the following weight units:
Single-input, single output, single signature, single pubkey, SegWit transaction (P2WPKH script)total weight units would be approximately 440 weight units.5 inputs, single output, single signature, single pubkey SegWit transaction (P2WPKH script) total weight units would be approximately 1,528 weight units.ການນໍາໃຊ້ສູດຂອງພວກເຮົາຂ້າງເທິງແລະການເຮັດທຸລະກໍາ SegWit ກັບ (5) ວັດສະດຸປ້ອນທີ່ມີນ້ໍາຫນັກ 1,528 ຫນ່ວຍ, ພວກເຮົາໄດ້ສ້າງຕາຕະລາງຂີ້ຝຸ່ນຕໍ່ໄປນີ້.
ໂຕະຂີ້ຝຸ່ນ
Dust Table calculated at 1,528 weight units per the5 SegWit inputs example above.
ຕາຕະລາງຂີ້ຝຸ່ນເປີດເຜີຍຂໍ້ມູນບອກບາງຢ່າງ. ຂີ້ຝຸ່ນແມ່ນຈິງ, ແລະຂອບເຂດຕ່ໍາກວ່າທີ່ຂ້ອຍຈິນຕະນາການ. ໃນຂະນະທີ່ຄ່າທໍານຽມການເຮັດທຸລະກໍາຍັງສືບຕໍ່ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, UTXO ມູນຄ່າຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່ກາຍເປັນຄວາມສ່ຽງຫຼາຍ. ໃນຊ່ວງເວລາຄ່າທໍານຽມການເຮັດທຸລະກໍາສູງສຸດໃນເດືອນທີ່ຜ່ານມາ, ການເຮັດທຸລະກໍາຕົວຢ່າງຂອງພວກເຮົາຈະເປັນຂີ້ຝຸ່ນເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າສໍາລັບ .001 BTC. ນັ້ນແມ່ນຫນ້ອຍກວ່າ $50 ໃນສະພາບຕະຫຼາດໃນປະຈຸບັນ. ນີ້ຮູ້ສຶກບໍ່ຫນ້າເຊື່ອ. 100,000 sats ທັນທີທັນໃດໄດ້ກາຍເປັນຂີ້ຝຸ່ນ. ຫມົດແລ້ວ. ໃຊ້ບໍ່ໄດ້. ອັນນີ້ເປັນຕາຢ້ານ.
ໃນຂະນະທີ່ສະຖານະການຕົວຢ່າງນີ້ບໍ່ມີຜົນຕໍ່ຜູ້ໃຊ້ທັງຫມົດ, ບົດຮຽນແມ່ນຈະແຈ້ງຫຼາຍ, ເຮັດໃຫ້ UTXO ຂອງຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່! ສໍາລັບການເກັບຮັກສາໃນໄລຍະຍາວທ່ານບໍ່ຄວນຮັກສາ UTXO ຂອງຂະຫນາດນ້ອຍກວ່າ 0.01 BTC. ພວກເຮົາເຫັນ 300+ ຄ່າທຳນຽມ sat/vB ໃນປີກາຍນີ້ ແລະມັນຈະກາຍເປັນມາດຕະຖານຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນ. ໃນຕະຫຼາດຄ່າທໍານຽມນັ້ນ, ຫຼາຍທຸລະກໍາ UTXO ຂະຫນາດນ້ອຍກວ່າ .001 ແມ່ນຂີ້ຝຸ່ນ. ຢ່າເປັນຄົນນັ້ນ.
ຂີ້ຝຸ່ນອາດຈະເປັນສິ່ງທີ່ຄິດຕຶກຕອງໃນທຸກມື້ນີ້, ພວກເຮົາໄດ້ຮັບພອນກັບການສົ່ງຄືນຄ່າບໍລິການຍ່ອຍ 50 sat/vB, ແຕ່ຂີ້ຝຸ່ນອາດຈະກາຍເປັນບັນຫາຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍສໍາລັບທ່ານໃນອະນາຄົດຖ້າບໍ່ຄຸ້ມຄອງໃນມື້ນີ້. ໂດຍການເຂົ້າໃຈຄວາມສຳພັນລະຫວ່າງຫົວໜ່ວຍນ້ຳໜັກ UTXO ແລະຄ່າທຳນຽມການເຮັດທຸລະກຳ, ພວກເຮົາໄດ້ຮັບຄວາມເຂົ້າໃຈອັນລ້ຳຄ່າກ່ຽວກັບຂະໜາດຜູກມັດທີ່ຕ່ຳກວ່າສຳລັບ UTXO.
ຂີ້ຝຸ່ນທີ່ສຸດ
ການສ້າງແບບຈໍາລອງຂອບເຂດຂີ້ຝຸ່ນສໍາລັບ UTXOs ເປັນການທົດລອງທີ່ຫນ້າສົນໃຈເພາະວ່າມັນສະແດງໃຫ້ທ່ານຮູ້ວ່າສິ່ງທີ່ Crazy ຈະຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບແລະຈຸດໃດທີ່ BTC ກາຍເປັນຂີ້ຝຸ່ນ. ສໍາລັບຕາຕະລາງຂ້າງລຸ່ມນີ້, ພວກເຮົາກໍາລັງໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນດຽວກັນທີ່ໄດ້ກ່າວໄວ້ຂ້າງເທິງ, ນັ້ນແມ່ນການເຮັດທຸລະກໍາ 5 SegWit ທີ່ມີນ້ໍາຫນັກ 1,528 ຫນ່ວຍ.
ຕາຕະລາງນີ້ສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນເຖິງອັດຕາຄ່າທໍານຽມທີ່ຈໍານວນ BTC ທີ່ຖືກສົ່ງໃນທຸລະກໍາຫນ່ວຍ 1,528 ນ້ໍາຫນັກຈະກາຍເປັນຂີ້ຝຸ່ນ.
ເຊັນ UTXO
ການຄົ້ນຫາທີ່ສໍາຄັນອີກອັນຫນຶ່ງໃນການຄົ້ນຄວ້າທັງຫມົດນີ້ແມ່ນຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍຂອງການເຊັນມາດຕະຖານດຽວ (P2PKH) UTXO. ນີ້ແມ່ນຄວາມຮ້າຍແຮງໃນດ້ານຂະຫນາດນ້ອຍເພາະວ່າມັນເປັນຫນຶ່ງໃນການເຮັດທຸລະກໍາທີ່ນ້ອຍທີ່ສຸດທີ່ທ່ານສາມາດເຮັດ. ສໍາລັບຕົວຢ່າງນີ້ພວກເຮົາຕ້ອງການໃຊ້ script ມາດຕະຖານ (ທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນ segwit) ເພາະວ່າມັນເປັນປະເພດທີ່ຫນັກຫນ່ວງທີ່ສຸດຂອງ script. ນີ້ແມ່ນສະເພາະ:
Standard (P2PKH) Script Type1 input1 Pubkey0 Outputs632 weight unitsເສດຖະກິດລົງນາມ
ເສດຖະສາດຂອງການເຊັນ UTXO ມາດຕະຖານດຽວທີ່ມີລາຍເຊັນດຽວ, ຫນຶ່ງ pubkey, ແລະ 0 ຜົນຜະລິດທີ່ມີນ້ໍາຫນັກ 632 ຫນ່ວຍ.
With this information you can understand the minimum cost of making Bitcoin ທຸລະ ກຳ.
Key Takeaways
Dust threshold is lower than you think, especially in high transaction fee marketsWhen withdrawing BTC from exchanges consider waiting until your balance is ≥ 0.01 before sending to your storage.If you have many small(< 0.001 BTC) UTXO, you must consolidate them into larger UTXOs while fees are low.You don’t have a crystal ball, and there are only so many things in your control. BTC price, blockspace demand, hashprice, hashrate, and bitcoin in general are out of your control. You have control over your keys, and the best thing you can do is be prepared for the inevitable high fee market. It will happen or Bitcoin will fail, I don’t make the rules. Do not let your precious bitcoin turn into dust. Remember this, if you do nothing then to dust you shall return.
ໂດຍເຫື່ອຂອງໃບຫນ້າຂອງເຈົ້າ, ເຈົ້າຈະກິນເຂົ້າຈີ່, ຈົນກ່ວາເຈົ້າກັບຄືນສູ່ພື້ນດິນ, ເພາະວ່າເຈົ້າໄດ້ຖືກເອົາອອກຈາກມັນ; ເພາະເຈົ້າເປັນຂີ້ຝຸ່ນ ແລະເປັນຂີ້ຝຸ່ນ ເຈົ້າຈະກັບຄືນມາ.
—ຕົ້ນເດີມ 3:19
FOOTNOTES
UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output): [n.]ອົງປະກອບຂອງ ກ Bitcoin transaction that represents an amount of digital currency not yet spent and available for future transactions.
ຜົນຜະລິດຂອງ ກ blockchain transaction that can be used as an input in a new transaction, signifying the amount of cryptocurrency remaining after the transaction is executed. ↩︎ໃນ Bitcoin protocol, dust refers to small amounts of currency that are lower than the fee required to spend them in a transaction. Although “economically irrational”, dust is commonly used for achieving unconventional side effects, rather than exchanging value. ↩︎Ordinals Inscriptions as a phenomenon are now a little over a year old and have caused big waves in Bitcoin. They are melting some peoples brains but will eventually be priced out. ↩︎Weight Units (n.) [Bitcoin]
A unit of measurement used in the Bitcoin network, specifically introduced with the Segregated Witness (SegWit) protocol, to calculate the size of transactions and blocks.
ມາດຕະການປະສົມທີ່ພິຈາລະນາທັງຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນພະຍານ (ເຊັ່ນ: ການປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ແລະຜົນໄດ້ຮັບ) ແລະຂໍ້ມູນພະຍານ (ເຊັ່ນ: ລາຍເຊັນ) ຂອງທຸລະກໍາ. ໃນລະບົບນີ້, ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນພະຍານແມ່ນມີນໍ້າໜັກຫຼາຍກວ່າຂໍ້ມູນພະຍານ.
The standard by which the block size limit is enforced in the SegWit protocol, with a maximum cap of 4,000,000 weight units per block, allowing for an efficient and flexible allocation of block space. ↩︎Using Lopp’s open source transaction calculator. LINK ↩︎
ແຫຼ່ງຕົ້ນສະບັບ: Bitcoin ວາລະສານ