By Bitcoin Magazine - 3 months ago - Ħin tal-Qari: 6 minuti
Għat-Trab Inti Trid lura
Ikkunsidra xenarju ta’ jum il-ġnub. Inti tqatta 'l-aħħar ftit snin b'mod diliġenti ispiża dollaru medja u l-irtirar għall-kartiera tiegħek. Għandek ton ta 'UTXO żgħir1's u bitcoin transaction fees rise so much that your bitcoin turns into dust2. You’re now unable to spend your bitcoin. Għal xi wħud bitcoin users, this is not a doomsday scenario, this is a reality that they experienced over the past 6 months.
During 2023 we saw very big fluctuations in bitcoin transaction fees as Ordinals3 brought a flood of new bitcoin users and with that significant increase in blockspace demand. Despite the positive press from the Bitcoin Spot ETF approval, users have faced serious challenges from high transaction fees, especially for users who have small UTXO’s. In some cases, UTXO’s were unspendable, also known as turned into dust. This transaction fee pain led many people to ask the question, how can I know if my UTXO’s are at risk? For this article, we will explore the point at which dust is created and try to help lay out a minimum plan to mitigate this risk.
Bitcoin Median Transaction Fees In sat/vB Past 6 Months
sors: Dune as of January 12, 2024Over the past 6 months we have seen wild swings in median bitcoin transaction fees. We saw mempools clear with 0 sat/vB and soar higher than 350 sat/vB. While that might not mean much to you at face value, it can mean big challenges for users who are sending multiple small value SegWit UTXO’s in single transactions. In fact, some users saw their UTXO’s turn into dust. This obviously caused panic, and for some this caused an expensive lesson in UTXO management. This is not an article that explains UTXO management strategy, this article attempts to tell you that you absolutely want big UTXO’s. If bitcoin does what we think it is going to do, then multiple UTXO transactions as small as 0.001 BTC could be unspendable under high fee environments, and you can kiss your dust goodbye.
Qabel ma naqbżu fid-dejta, irridu niddefinixxu dak li rridu nħarsu lejh. Għalina qed nippruvaw nifhmu jekk UTXO jistax jintefaq jew huwiex trab (non spendable). Għal dan ikollna bżonn dan li ġej:
Sum of UTXO’s being sentTotal Weight Units4Tariffa tat-tranżazzjoni sats/vBWith this information we can make a formula that shows how much value is transferred in a bitcoin transaction after you remove the transaction fees.
Transferred Value = BTC Sent - ( ( ( Total Weight Units / 4 ) * Transaction Fee in sats/vB ) * 0.00000001 )
If the transferred value is a negative number, this means you have dust, the UTXO sum costs more to send than it is worth. Because calculating bitcoin transaction weight units is a bit complex, we will use a realistic scenario for use in building our table, assumptions, and recommendations.
For this example we are using5 basic SegWit (P2WPKH) financial transactions with the following weight units:
Single-input, single output, single signature, single pubkey, SegWit transaction (P2WPKH script)total weight units would be approximately 440 weight units.5 inputs, single output, single signature, single pubkey SegWit transaction (P2WPKH script) total weight units would be approximately 1,528 weight units.Bl-użu tal-formula tagħna hawn fuq u t-tranżazzjoni SegWit b'(5) inputs li jiżnu 1,528 unità ta 'piż, bnejna t-tabella tat-trab li ġejja.
Tabella tat-Trab
Dust Table calculated at 1,528 weight units per the5 SegWit inputs example above.
It-Tabella tat-Trab tiżvela xi informazzjoni li tgħid. It-trab huwa reali, u l-limitu huwa aktar baxx milli immaġinajt. Hekk kif it-tariffi tat-tranżazzjonijiet ikomplu jogħlew, UTXO b'valur akbar isiru aktar f'riskju. Matul il-ħinijiet tal-ogħla ħlas tat-tranżazzjonijiet matul l-aħħar xahar, it-tranżazzjoni ta 'eżempju tagħna tkun trab anke għal .001 BTC. Dak huwa ftit inqas minn $50 fil-kundizzjonijiet attwali tas-suq. Dan iħoss inkredibbli. 100,000 sat f'daqqa waħda nbidlu fi trab. Marret. Ma jistax jintuża. Dan huwa tal-biża'.
Filwaqt li dan ix-xenarju eżempju ma jaffettwax lill-utenti kollha, il-lezzjoni hija ċara ħafna, agħmel UTXO's kbar! Għal ħażna fit-tul m'għandekx iżżomm UTXO's iżgħar minn 0.01 BTC. Rajna 300+ miżati sat/vB is-sena li għaddiet u li dejjem se jsiru n-norma. F'dak is-suq tal-miżati, transazzjonijiet multi UTXO iżgħar minn .001 huma trab. Tkunx dak il-bniedem.
It-trab jista 'jkun ħsieb ta' wara għalik illum, aħna mbierka bi prospetti għal sub 50 sat/vB miżati, iżda t-trab jista 'jsir problema għalja għalik fil-futur jekk ma jiġix immaniġġjat illum. Billi nifhmu r-relazzjoni bejn l-unitajiet tal-piż UTXO u l-miżati tat-tranżazzjonijiet, aħna niksbu għarfien siewi dwar id-daqsijiet tal-limitu aktar baxx għall-UTXOs.
Trab Estremi
L-immudellar tal-limitu tat-trab għall-UTXOs huwa esperiment interessanti għaliex jurik kif l-affarijiet miġnun iridu jiksbu u f'liema punt il-BTC isir trab. Għat-tabella hawn taħt, qed nużaw l-istess dejta kif deskritta hawn fuq, jiġifieri tranżazzjoni SegWit input 5 b'unitajiet ta 'piż 1,528.
Din it-tabella turi r-rata tal-miżata li biha ammont BTC li jintbagħat fi tranżazzjoni ta 'unità ta' piż 1,528 jinbidel fi trab.
Iffirmar A UTXO
Sejba ewlenija oħra f'din ir-riċerka kollha hija l-ispiża tal-iffirmar ta 'standard wieħed (P2PKH) UTXO. Dan huwa estrem min-naħa żgħira għaliex hija waħda mill-iżgħar transazzjonijiet li tista 'tagħmel. Għal dan l-eżempju rridu nużaw l-iskrittura standard (non-segwit) minħabba li hija l-itqal mit-tipi ta’ skript. Hawn huma l-ispeċifiċitajiet:
Standard (P2PKH) Script Type1 input1 Pubkey0 Outputs632 weight unitsIffirmar Ekonomija
Ekonomija tal-iffirmar ta 'UTXO standard wieħed b'firma waħda, pubkey waħda, u 0 outputs li jiżnu 632 unità ta' piż.
With this information you can understand the minimum cost of making Bitcoin transazzjonijiet.
Teħid ta 'Ħlas Ewlenin
Dust threshold is lower than you think, especially in high transaction fee marketsWhen withdrawing BTC from exchanges consider waiting until your balance is ≥ 0.01 before sending to your storage.If you have many small(< 0.001 BTC) UTXO, you must consolidate them into larger UTXOs while fees are low.You don’t have a crystal ball, and there are only so many things in your control. BTC price, blockspace demand, hashprice, hashrate, and bitcoin in general are out of your control. You have control over your keys, and the best thing you can do is be prepared for the inevitable high fee market. It will happen or Bitcoin will fail, I don’t make the rules. Do not let your precious bitcoin turn into dust. Remember this, if you do nothing then to dust you shall return.
Bl-għaraq ta’ wiċċek tiekol il-ħobż, sakemm terġa’ lura fl-art, għax minnha ġejt meħuda; għax int trab u għat-trab terġa’ lura.
-Ġenesi 3:19
PUNTI TA 'L-ISFEL
UTXO (Output ta' Tranżazzjoni mhux minfuqa): [n.]A component of a Bitcoin transaction that represents an amount of digital currency not yet spent and available for future transactions.
L-output ta 'a blockchain transaction that can be used as an input in a new transaction, signifying the amount of cryptocurrency remaining after the transaction is executed. ↩︎Fil- Bitcoin protocol, dust refers to small amounts of currency that are lower than the fee required to spend them in a transaction. Although “economically irrational”, dust is commonly used for achieving unconventional side effects, rather than exchanging value. ↩︎Ordinals Inscriptions as a phenomenon are now a little over a year old and have caused big waves in Bitcoin. They are melting some peoples brains but will eventually be priced out. ↩︎Weight Units (n.) [Bitcoin]
A unit of measurement used in the Bitcoin network, specifically introduced with the Segregated Witness (SegWit) protocol, to calculate the size of transactions and blocks.
Miżura komposta li tqis kemm id-dejta mhux tax-xhieda (bħal inputs u outputs tat-tranżazzjonijiet) kif ukoll id-dejta tax-xhieda (bħal firem) ta’ tranżazzjoni. F'din is-sistema, id-dejta mhux tax-xhieda hija peżata b'mod aktar qawwi mid-dejta tax-xhieda.
The standard by which the block size limit is enforced in the SegWit protocol, with a maximum cap of 4,000,000 weight units per block, allowing for an efficient and flexible allocation of block space. ↩︎Using Lopp’s open source transaction calculator. LINK ↩︎
Sors oriġinali: Bitcoin Magazine